Can Dogs Detect Respiratory Disease in Calves?

Can Dogs Detect Respiratory Disease in Calves? 🐶🐄🧪

By Dr Duncan Houston

🔎 Quick Answer

Yes, dogs are being trained to detect bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves using scent. Early research shows potential, but accuracy is still inconsistent, and more studies are needed before this becomes a reliable tool on farms.

🧠 A New Kind of Farm Assistant

What if your best worker on the feedlot had four legs and an incredible nose?

In veterinary medicine, we’re constantly looking for ways to detect disease earlier, faster, and more accurately. In 2025, researchers are exploring whether trained dogs could help identify respiratory disease in calves before clinical signs even appear.

It sounds futuristic… but it’s already being tested.

📉 The Problem: Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)

BRD is one of the biggest challenges in cattle production worldwide.

🚨 It’s the leading cause of death in young cattle
📉 Reduces weight gain and productivity
💊 Drives widespread antibiotic use

Why current detection struggles:

📦 Most monitoring happens at the group level, not individual animals
👀 Early signs are often subtle and easily missed
💉 Many operations treat entire groups “just in case”

That last point is where things get messy… because it contributes to antimicrobial resistance, which is a growing global concern.

🐶 The Idea: Dogs That Can Smell Disease

Dogs already detect:

• Cancer

• COVID-19

• Low blood sugar in diabetics

So the question is… can they detect BRD?

Researchers from Texas A&M and Texas Tech are working on exactly that.

The setup:

🎓 Veterinary researchers + animal behaviourists
🐕 Specially trained scent-detection dogs
🏥 Real feedlot environments

The goal is simple but powerful:
Train dogs to identify calves that will develop BRD before they show symptoms.

🔬 How the Research Works

Phase 1: Feasibility

🧪 Dogs introduced to cattle scent samples (nasal swabs)
📦 Researchers refined training methods and protocols

Phase 2: Accuracy Testing

🐕 Two dogs trained over ~7 months
🎯 Task: Differentiate between:

• 😷 Calves that developed BRD within 20 days

• 💪 Calves that stayed healthy for months

The reality so far:

Results have been mixed.

BRD doesn’t seem to produce a single, consistent scent signature… which makes it harder for dogs to reliably detect.

💊 Why This Could Be a Big Deal

If this works, it changes everything.

Potential benefits:

📉 Reduce unnecessary antibiotic use
💰 Lower treatment costs
🐮 Improve animal welfare
🧬 Help combat antimicrobial resistance

Instead of treating entire groups, producers could:

👉 Use dogs to screen animals individually
👉 Isolate early cases
👉 Treat only the ones that actually need it

That’s a massive shift in herd health management.

⚠️ Current Limitations

Let’s not get ahead of ourselves just yet.

The challenges:

🧠 Dogs need consistent scent patterns to learn effectively
🦠 BRD is caused by multiple pathogens, not just one
🏭 Scaling trained dogs across large feedlots is complex

The first study didn’t hit strong accuracy targets… but importantly, it showed this idea is worth pursuing.

🧪 What’s Next?

Researchers are now refining the approach:

📊 Better scent collection methods
🔁 Training more dogs across multiple locations
📈 Testing in real-world commercial environments

This next phase is where things get interesting.

🌱 A Glimpse Into the Future of Farming

Dogs aren’t replacing veterinarians… but they could become powerful early detection tools.

Think of them as:

👉 A biological screening system
👉 A rapid, non-invasive diagnostic aid
👉 A way to catch disease before it spreads

We’re moving toward precision livestock medicine, and this fits right into that direction.

🚨 When Should Producers Be Concerned About BRD?

Even without dogs, early detection is everything.

Watch for:

• Reduced appetite

• Lethargy

• Nasal discharge

• Increased respiratory effort

• Subtle drop in performance

The earlier you intervene, the better the outcome.

💬 Final Thoughts

This isn’t science fiction. It’s early-stage science with real potential.

If researchers can improve accuracy, dogs could become one of the most cost-effective and welfare-friendly tools in livestock medicine.

And honestly… it makes sense.

We’ve spent decades building machines to detect disease.
Dogs have been doing it naturally the whole time.

The future of herd health might just come down to one thing:

A very good nose 🐕👃

❓ FAQ

Can dogs really detect disease in animals?

Yes. Dogs have been trained to detect multiple diseases in humans and animals using scent. The challenge is consistency and accuracy.

Why is BRD hard to detect early?

Early signs are subtle, and multiple pathogens can cause the disease, making it less predictable.

Would this replace veterinarians?

No. It would support vets by improving early detection and decision-making.

Is this being used commercially yet?

Not yet. It’s still in the research phase, but progress is ongoing.

Curious about smarter ways to monitor animal health or manage disease risks in your herd?

The ASK A VET™ app is designed to help you track, assess, and stay ahead of health issues with practical, vet-backed support when you need it.