Veterinary Guide to Hypermagnesemia in Dogs 2025 🐶

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

🔍 Introduction

Hypermagnesemia is uncommon in dogs but can signal serious underlying issues like kidney failure or magnesium overdose. This 2025 guide covers causes, clinical signs, diagnostics, emergency care, prevention, and long-term monitoring to support canine health. 🩺

💡 What Is Hypermagnesemia?

• Defined as plasma magnesium >2 mg/dL (ionized Mg >0.6 mmol/L).
• Since > 99% of magnesium is intracellular/bone, serum increases usually indicate severe imbalance.

⚠️ Common Causes

• Renal failure: reduced excretion is the most frequent cause.
• Magnesium supplements/medications: overdose of antacids, cathartics, or high-Mg IV fluids.
• Endocrine disorders: Addison’s disease or hypothyroidism may reduce Mg clearance.
• Tissue damage: massive cell destruction (rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis) can release stored magnesium.

🚨 Clinical Signs

• Lethargy, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, vomiting.
• Hypotension, bradycardia, ECG changes (prolonged PR/QRS, peaked T waves).
• Respiratory depression leading to arrest at severe levels (>6 mg/dL).
• Coma or cardiac arrest may occur with extreme elevations.

🔬 Diagnostic Approach

• Blood tests: measure total and ionized Mg, plus electrolytes and kidney function.
• ECG: essential to detect conduction abnormalities.
• History: check for supplement use, renal disease, endocrine disorders.
• Urinalysis: evaluate renal excretion; imaging may help identify underlying disease.

🏥 Treatment & Emergency Management

• Stop Mg source: discontinue supplements, high-Mg fluids.
• IV fluids + diuretics: normal saline with furosemide increases Mg excretion.
• Calcium gluconate: stabilizes the heart, reverses neuromuscular effects during severe cases.
• Dialysis: considered in refractory or renal failure cases.

📈 Prognosis & Follow‑Up

• Good if hypermagnesemia is mild and the underlying issue is treated early.
• Guarded in chronic kidney, endocrine, or multi-organ failure.
• Monitor serial magnesium, ECG, renal function, and electrolytes during recovery.

🛡 Prevention & Owner Tips

• No unsupervised magnesium supplements or high-Mg human products.
• Use balanced IV fluids—avoid high-chloride, high-Mg fluids unless indicated.
• Regular screening for at-risk dogs (CKD, Addison’s, hypothyroidism).
• Keep supplements and chemicals securely stored out of the pet’s reach.

🔧 Tools & Support Services

• Ask A Vet App: 24/7 support for interpreting lab results, monitoring signs & advising emergency care 📱

✅ Final Thoughts

Hypermagnesemia in dogs is rare but often serious. Early detection, stopping Mg exposure, supporting elimination, and treating underlying disease are essential. Using tools like Ask AVet effectively and safeguard their dog’s health into 2025 and beyond. 🐾❤️

Download the Ask A Vet app today for swift expert advice on electrolyte emergencies, monitoring guidance, and personalized treatment support. 📱💡