Pig Health Issues: Common Problems and What to Watch For

By Dr Duncan Houston

Quick Answer

Pet pigs are prone to several common health issues, including obesity, hoof problems, skin conditions, and parasite infections. Many of these are preventable with proper diet, housing, and routine care. Early recognition and veterinary input are key to avoiding serious complications.

Pigs are tough animals.

They don’t always show obvious signs when something is wrong, and by the time you notice a problem, it can already be advanced.

That’s why knowing what to look for makes a big difference.

What to do if you think your pig is unwell

If something seems off:

1. Check appetite and behaviour

2. Look for changes in movement or posture

3. Inspect skin, eyes, and hooves

4. Monitor eating and drinking

5. Contact a vet early if unsure

Pigs tend to hide illness, so small changes matter.

Obesity

This is the most common issue in pet pigs.

Overweight pigs develop:

• joint problems

• reduced mobility

• fat deposits around organs

• decreased lifespan

Signs include:

• difficulty walking

• fat covering the eyes

• lack of visible body shape

👉 See also: Pig Diet Guide

Hoof problems

Overgrown hooves are very common.

This can lead to:

• lameness

• joint strain

• abnormal posture

Regular trimming is essential.

If left too long, pigs may become reluctant to move.

Skin conditions

Pigs often develop skin issues due to:

• parasites (mites, lice)

• sunburn

• dryness or irritation

Signs include:

• scratching

• red or flaky skin

• hair loss

Mange is one of the most common causes and requires treatment.

Parasites

Internal and external parasites are common.

These include:

• worms

• mites

• lice

Signs may include:

• weight loss

• poor coat condition

• itching

• digestive issues

Regular parasite control is important.

Dental and tusk issues

In male pigs, tusks continue to grow.

Problems can include:

• overgrowth

• injury

• difficulty eating

Routine trimming may be required.

Gastrointestinal problems

Digestive issues can occur from:

• poor diet

• sudden diet changes

• ingestion of inappropriate food

Signs include:

• vomiting (rare but possible)

• reduced appetite

• abdominal discomfort

Respiratory issues

Pigs can develop respiratory infections, especially in poor environments.

Signs include:

• coughing

• nasal discharge

• breathing difficulty

Good ventilation and hygiene reduce risk.

Heat stress

Pigs do not sweat effectively.

This makes them prone to overheating.

Signs include:

• panting

• lethargy

• collapse

Always provide:

• shade

• water

• cooling options (mud, water areas)

Lameness and joint disease

Often linked to:

• obesity

• poor hoof care

• hard surfaces

Early signs:

• reluctance to move

• stiffness

• uneven walking

Reproductive health issues

In unneutered pigs:

• hormonal behaviour

• reproductive disease

Desexing reduces many of these risks.

Signs your pig needs urgent care

Seek veterinary attention if you notice:

• sudden lethargy

• refusal to eat

• difficulty breathing

• inability to stand

• severe lameness

• rapid weight loss

These can indicate serious illness.

Prevention is everything

Most pig health issues are preventable with:

• correct diet

• weight control

• regular hoof care

• parasite prevention

• appropriate housing

Good management prevents most problems.

FAQ

What is the most common health issue in pet pigs

Obesity is by far the most common problem.

How often should pigs see a vet

At least annually, or more often if issues arise.

Do pigs need vaccinations

Depends on region and risk. Ask your vet.

How can I tell if my pig is sick

Changes in behaviour, appetite, or movement are often the first signs.

Final thoughts

Pig health is largely about prevention.

Most problems I see could have been avoided with:

• proper feeding

• good management

• early intervention

If you stay on top of the basics, pigs are generally hardy and rewarding animals to care for.

Still unsure what to do next?

Pig health can be harder to read than dogs or cats.

Is that normal?
Are they just being lazy?
Or is something wrong?

If you’re unsure, getting guidance early can help you catch issues before they become serious.

The ASK A VET™ app gives you access to veterinary advice when you need it, helping you care for your pig with confidence.