🐾 Vet’s Guide to Encephalitis Secondary to Parasitic Migration in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Encephalitis secondary to parasitic migration is a serious neurological condition in cats, resulting from parasites invading the central nervous system (CNS). This comprehensive guide provides Australian cat owners with up-to-date information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this condition in 2025.

🔬 Understanding Encephalitis Secondary to Parasitic Migration

Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain. When caused by parasitic migration, it involves parasites entering the CNS, leading to inflammation and neurological symptoms. Parasites can reach the CNS through various routes, including the bloodstream, nasal passages, or direct extension from adjacent tissues.

🧬 Causes of Encephalitis Due to Parasitic Migration

Several parasites are known to cause encephalitis in cats:

• 🐾 Cuterebra spp.: Botfly larvae that can migrate to the brain, causing neurological signs.
• 🐾 Baylisascaris procyonis: Raccoon roundworm larvae that can invade the CNS.
• 🐾 Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Rat lungworm that can cause eosinophilic meningitis.
• 🐾 Toxoplasma gondii: Protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, leading to encephalitis.
• 🐾 Taenia spp.: Tapeworms that can form cysts in the brain (neurocysticercosis).

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the parasite and the area of the brain affected:

• 🐾 Seizures
• 🐾 Behavioral changes
• 🐾 Circling or head pressing
• 🐾 Blindness
• 🐾 Ataxia (loss of coordination)
• 🐾 Head tilt
• 🐾 Lethargy
• 🐾 Fever

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing encephalitis due to parasitic migration involves:

• 🐾 Neurological Examination: Assessing reflexes, coordination, and other neurological functions.
• 🐾 Blood Tests: To identify systemic infections or inflammatory markers.
• 🐾 Imaging: MRI or CT scans to visualize inflammation or structural changes in the brain.
• 🐾 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Collecting and analyzing CSF can reveal elevated white blood cells or protein levels indicative of inflammation.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment strategies depend on the underlying parasite:

• 🐾 Antiparasitic Medications: To eliminate the causative parasite.
• 🐾 Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
• 🐾 Supportive Care: Intravenous fluids, nutritional support, and anti-seizure medications as needed.
• 🐾 Surgical Intervention: In cases where parasites are accessible and causing localized damage.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

Preventing encephalitis due to parasitic migration involves:

• 🐾 Regular Parasite Control: Using veterinarian-recommended deworming and flea control products.
• 🐾 Indoor Living: Keeping cats indoors to reduce exposure to parasites.
• 🐾 Safe Feeding Practices: Avoiding raw or undercooked meat that may contain parasites.
• 🐾 Environmental Management: Controlling intermediate hosts like rodents and insects in the cat's environment.

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, certain parasites like Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) are of particular concern. It's essential to consult with local veterinarians who are familiar with area-specific risks and preventive measures.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲