🐾 Vet’s Guide to Multiple Myeloma in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Multiple myeloma is a rare but serious cancer affecting cats, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This comprehensive guide provides Australian cat owners with up-to-date information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of multiple myeloma in 2025.

🔬 Understanding Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that originates from plasma cells, a subset of white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies. In this disease, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably within the bone marrow, leading to various systemic complications.

🦠 Causes of Multiple Myeloma

The exact cause of multiple myeloma in cats remains unknown. However, several factors may contribute to its development:

• 🐾 Age: Most commonly affects middle-aged to older cats (6-13 years).
• 🐾 Genetic Predisposition: Some studies suggest a potential genetic component.
• 🐾 Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins may increase risk.
• 🐾 Immune System Dysfunction: Compromised immune systems may be more susceptible.

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of multiple myeloma can vary and may be subtle initially but progress over time:

• 🐾 Lethargy and weakness
• 🐾 Loss of appetite and weight loss
• 🐾 Increased thirst and urination
• 🐾 Bone pain or lameness
• 🐾 Bleeding disorders (e.g., nosebleeds, bruising)
• 🐾 Neurological signs (e.g., seizures, vision problems)
• 🐾 Respiratory distress

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing multiple myeloma involves several diagnostic tests:

• 🐾 Complete Blood Count (CBC): May reveal anemia or abnormal white blood cell counts.
• 🐾 Serum Biochemistry: Elevated protein levels and calcium may be present.
• 🐾 Urinalysis: Detection of Bence-Jones proteins (light-chain proteins).
• 🐾 Protein Electrophoresis: Identifies monoclonal gammopathy.
• 🐾 Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy: Confirms presence of malignant plasma cells.
• 🐾 Imaging: X-rays or CT scans to detect bone lesions or organ involvement.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on controlling the disease and alleviating symptoms:

• 🐾 Chemotherapy: Medications like melphalan or cyclophosphamide are commonly used.
• 🐾 Corticosteroids: Prednisolone can help reduce inflammation and tumor burden.
• 🐾 Supportive Care: Includes pain management, hydration therapy, and nutritional support.
• 🐾 Radiation Therapy: May be used for localized bone lesions causing pain.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

While specific prevention strategies for multiple myeloma are limited due to its unknown cause, general health maintenance can aid in early detection and management:

• 🐾 Regular veterinary check-ups and blood tests.
• 🐾 Maintaining a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle for your cat.
• 🐾 Minimizing exposure to potential environmental toxins.

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, certain environmental factors and regional diseases may influence the risk of multiple myeloma. It's essential to consult with local veterinarians who are familiar with area-specific risks and preventive measures.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲