🐾 Vet’s Guide to Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a rare, inherited neurological disorder in cats characterized by the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. This comprehensive guide provides Australian cat owners with up-to-date information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of NAD in 2025.

🔬 Understanding Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

NAD is a group of inherited abiotrophies affecting different parts of the brain, leading to the degeneration of neurons and their axons. The term "abiotrophy" denotes the loss of function due to the degeneration of cells or tissues without known reasons. The condition typically manifests in kittens around five weeks of age and progresses over time.

🧬 Causes of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

The precise cause of NAD in cats remains unknown. However, it is believed to be an inherited condition, possibly following an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that both parents must carry the defective gene for their offspring to be affected. NAD has been reported in various breeds, including domestic shorthairs and Siamese cats.

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of NAD can vary depending on the affected areas of the brain and spinal cord but often include:

• 🐾 Uncoordinated movements (ataxia)
• 🐾 Head and neck tremors
• 🐾 Swaying or staggering gait
• 🐾 Head tilting
• 🐾 Loss of appetite
• 🐾 Avoidance of the litter box
• 🐾 Behavioral changes
• 🐾 Visual or auditory impairments

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing NAD involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing:

• 🐾 Physical and Neurological Examination: Assessing reflexes, coordination, and other neurological functions.
• 🐾 Blood Tests: To identify systemic infections or inflammatory markers.
• 🐾 Imaging: MRI or CT scans to visualize inflammation or structural changes in the brain and spinal cord.
• 🐾 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Collecting and analyzing CSF can reveal elevated white blood cells or protein levels indicative of inflammation.

💊 Treatment Options

Currently, there is no known cure for NAD. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care:

• 🐾 Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or anticonvulsants may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
• 🐾 Supportive Care: Ensuring a comfortable environment, proper nutrition, and hydration.
• 🐾 Physical Therapy: To maintain muscle strength and mobility.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

Preventing NAD involves responsible breeding practices:

• 🐾 Genetic Testing: Breeding cats should be tested for the defective gene to prevent passing it on to offspring.
• 🐾 Selective Breeding: Avoid breeding cats known to carry the defective gene.

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, certain environmental factors and regional diseases may influence the risk of NAD. It's essential to consult with local veterinarians who are familiar with area-specific risks and preventive measures.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲