🐾 Vet’s Guide to von Willebrand Disease in Cats: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein essential for blood clotting. Although more common in dogs, vWD can also affect cats, leading to prolonged bleeding episodes. This guide provides comprehensive information on vWD in cats, tailored for Australian cat owners in 2025.

🔬 Understanding von Willebrand Disease

vWD is classified into three types:

• 🐾 Type 1: Partial quantitative deficiency of vWF.
• 🐾 Type 2: Qualitative defects in vWF.
• 🐾 Type 3: Complete absence of vWF.

In cats, vWD is rare, and the specific type is often not determined due to limited research. The disease affects both male and female cats equally and is inherited in an autosomal manner. ^PetMD

🦠 Causes and Risk Factors

vWD is an inherited condition resulting from mutations in the gene responsible for producing vWF. Certain breeds, such as Siamese and Himalayan cats, may have a higher predisposition. ^{Cat Bandit}

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of vWD in cats can vary but often include:

• 🐾 Prolonged bleeding after surgery or injury
• 🐾 Nosebleeds (epistaxis)
• 🐾 Bleeding gums
• 🐾 Blood in urine or stool
• 🐾 Excessive bruising
• 🐾 Pale gums or tongue

These signs may be more apparent during surgical procedures or after trauma. ^PetMD

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing vWD involves:

• 🐾 Complete Blood Count (CBC): To assess overall health and detect anemia.
• 🐾 Coagulation Tests: Including Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT).
• 🐾 vWF Antigen Testing: Measures the amount of vWF in the blood.
• 🐾 Genetic Testing: Especially useful for breeding cats to identify carriers. ^PetMD

💊 Treatment Options

While there is no cure for vWD, management focuses on controlling bleeding episodes:

• 🐾 Blood Transfusions: To replace lost blood and provide clotting factors.
• 🐾 Plasma Transfusions: Supply vWF and other clotting factors.
• 🐾 Desmopressin (DDAVP): A synthetic hormone that can temporarily increase vWF levels in some cases. ^{VCA Hospitals}

It's essential to avoid medications that can exacerbate bleeding, such as aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

Preventive measures include:

• 🐾 Genetic Screening: Especially for breeding cats to prevent passing the condition to offspring.
• 🐾 Informing Veterinarians: Ensure your vet is aware of your cat's condition before any procedures.
• 🐾 Monitoring for Symptoms: Regular check-ups to detect any signs of bleeding early. ^PetMD

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, while vWD is rare in cats, awareness is crucial. If you own a breed predisposed to vWD or have a cat with unexplained bleeding episodes, consult your veterinarian for appropriate testing and management strategies.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲