🐾 Vet’s Guide to Polioencephalomyelitis in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Polioencephalomyelitis is a rare but serious neurological condition in cats, involving inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. This comprehensive guide provides Australian cat owners with up-to-date information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of polioencephalomyelitis in 2025.

🔬 Understanding Polioencephalomyelitis

Polioencephalomyelitis refers to non-suppurative inflammation of the gray matter in the brain and spinal cord. This condition leads to nerve degeneration and demyelination, particularly affecting the thoracic spinal cord, cervical and lumbar regions, brainstem, and cerebrum. The exact cause remains uncertain, but a viral origin, such as the Borna virus, is suspected.

🦠 Causes of Polioencephalomyelitis

Several factors may contribute to the development of polioencephalomyelitis in cats:

• 🐾 Viral Infections: Infections like feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) have been linked to cases.
• 🐾 Immune-Mediated Reactions: Abnormal immune responses may lead to inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.
• 🐾 Genetic Predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Siamese and Burmese cats, may have a higher susceptibility.
• 🐾 Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental triggers may play a role, though specifics are not well-defined.

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of polioencephalomyelitis can vary but often include:

• 🐾 Progressive loss of coordination (ataxia), especially in the hind limbs
• 🐾 Weakness in the lower body (paraparesis)
• 🐾 Head tremors
• 🐾 Seizures
• 🐾 Behavioral changes or depression
• 🐾 Difficulty with routine activities like jumping or using the litter box
• 🐾 Appetite changes and weight loss
• 🐾 Abnormal eye movements or strabismus

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing polioencephalomyelitis involves several steps:

• 🐾 Physical and Neurological Examination: Assessing reflexes, coordination, and other neurological functions.
• 🐾 Blood Tests: To identify systemic infections or inflammatory markers.
• 🐾 Imaging: MRI or CT scans to visualize inflammation or structural changes in the brain and spinal cord.
• 🐾 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Collecting and analyzing CSF can reveal elevated white blood cells or protein levels indicative of inflammation.

💊 Treatment Options

While there is no known cure for polioencephalomyelitis, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care:

• 🐾 Anti-inflammatory Medications: Corticosteroids like prednisolone may reduce inflammation and improve clinical signs temporarily.
• 🐾 Anticonvulsants: To control seizures if present.
• 🐾 Supportive Care: Ensuring a comfortable environment, proper nutrition, and hydration.
• 🐾 Physical Therapy: To maintain muscle strength and mobility.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

Preventing polioencephalomyelitis involves:

• 🐾 Vaccinations: Keeping up-to-date with vaccinations to prevent viral infections.
• 🐾 Parasite Control: Regular deworming and flea control to prevent parasitic infections.
• 🐾 Environmental Management: Keeping cats indoors to reduce exposure to infectious agents.

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, certain environmental factors and regional diseases may influence the risk of polioencephalomyelitis. It's essential to consult with local veterinarians who are familiar with area-specific risks and preventive measures.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲