🔍 What Is Feline Asthma?

Feline asthma (allergic bronchitis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways, affecting approximately 1–5% of cats, typically between 4–5 years old :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. It's a type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by inhaled allergens, resulting in bronchoconstriction, mucus production, airway edema, and eosinophilic inflammation :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

⚠️ Who’s Affected & Why

All cats are susceptible, but Siamese and Himalayan breeds appear predisposed, and overweight cats are at higher risk :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}. Environmental irritants such as cigarette smoke, perfumes, dust from litter, sprays, and mold often trigger flare-ups :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.

🚩 Signs & Symptoms

• Coughing: Often mistaken for “hairball hacking” :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Wheezing & labored breathing: Especially on exhale :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• Tachypnea or panting, situations of open-mouth breathing during attacks :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Posture of respiratory distress: Crouching, neck outstretched, abdominal push on exhale :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Acute “status asthmaticus” attacks: Life-threatening, with blue gums and severe difficulty :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Chronic symptoms: Mild, intermittent cough and breathing effort between episodes :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.

🔬 How It’s Diagnosed

Diagnosis relies on ruling out other diseases:

• History & physical exam: Check for cough triggers, tracheal sensitivity, and wheezes :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Radiographs (X-rays): Bronchial or bronchointerstitial pattern, hyperinflation, “donuts,” or atelectasis :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Bloodwork & fecal test: Evaluate eosinophilia, rule out parasites (lungworm/heartworm) :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
• Airway sampling: Via BAL or transtracheal wash to detect >5–17% eosinophils in lavage :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• Bronchoscopy/CT scan: For detailed airway assessment and excluding other diseases :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.
• Response to therapy: Favorable response to steroids or bronchodilators supports a diagnosis :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.

💊 Treatment Goals

Management aims to reduce inflammation, relieve bronchoconstriction, and minimize exposure to triggers. Asthma is chronic and doesn't have a definitive cure, but most cats live happily with appropriate care :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.

1. Environmental Control

• Remove cigarette smoke, scented products, dust, and sprays :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.
• Use HEPA filters, vacuum/wash bedding weekly :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.
• Keep cats indoors during high pollen/mold times; close windows :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Maintain healthy weight—reduces breathing effort :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.

2. Medications

• Oral corticosteroids (prednisolone): Start 1–2 mg/kg/day, taper to lowest dose :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Inhaled steroid therapy (fluticasone, budesonide): Delivered via AeroKat chamber—used long-term to minimize side effects :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.
• Bronchodilators: Rescue (albuterol) or oral options like terbutaline/theophylline—always used with steroids :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.
• Methylxanthines (theophylline): Adjunctive control option :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.
• Immunomodulators: Cyclosporine or future therapies for refractory cases :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.

🚨 Acute Crisis (Status Asthmaticus)

• Provide oxygen and minimize stress
• Administer injectable bronchodilators (terbutaline preferred) or high-dose inhaled albuterol :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.
• Administer injectable steroids (dexamethasone/prednisolone)
• Perform chest X-ray and labs to exclude pneumonia or heart issues :contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}.
• Hospitalize if respiratory distress is severe

📅 Long-Term Management & Follow-Up

• Schedule rechecks every 3–6 months with exam and thoracic X-rays
• Track sleeping respiratory rate—home monitoring is key :contentReference[oaicite:31]{index=31}.
• Taper steroid doses to the lowest effective amount
• Transition to inhaled therapy to reduce systemic effects :contentReference[oaicite:32]{index=32}.
• Monitor for complications: respiratory infections, diabetes, or obesity from long-term steroids

🐾 Home Comfort & Support Tips

• Use AeroKat or similar inhaler spacers; introduce gradually with treats :contentReference[oaicite:33]{index=33}.
• Maintain clean environment—dust-free bedding and litter
• Keep stress low, use calming tools from Woopf & Purrz
• Provide humidifiers in dry environments
• Use Ask A Vet app for flare-up guidance

📝 Quick Reference Table