🔍 What Is an Ear Infection?

Ear infections—known as otitis externa—occur when the external ear canal becomes inflamed due to parasites, bacteria, or yeast, and may extend to middle/inner ear if untreated :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

🐾 Why Cats Get Ear Infections

• Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis): the most common cause—tiny, highly contagious mites that irritate and inflame the canal :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Bacterial or yeast overgrowth: Malassezia and opportunistic bacteria grow when added ear inflammation is present :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Underlying causes: Allergies, polyps, foreign bodies, wax buildup, or immune issues create the environment for infection :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.

🚩 Signs & Symptoms

• Head shaking, ear scratching, red inflamed ear canal :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
• Discharge—dark “coffee grounds” (mites), yellow/brown (bacteria), thick and waxy (yeast) :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
• Foul odor, pain when touched, ear sensitivity :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}
• Head tilt, balance issues with middle/inner ear involvement :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
• Crusting, ear flaps thickening or scabs :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

🩺 How Ear Infections Are Diagnosed

• Physical exam: otoscope inside ear canal—assess inflammation, discharge, polyps :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}
• Microscopic cytology: swabbing reveals mites, bacteria or yeast to guide treatment :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}
• Cultures: for persistent infections to determine antibiotic choice :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}
• Imaging & deeper diagnostics: X-rays or CT for chronic, middle/inner ear infections or polyps :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}
• Underlying causes: allergy screening, skin scrapes, FIV/FeLV tests :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}

💊 Veterinary Treatment Steps

1. Thorough ear cleaning: using gentle cleansers like Tris or Otic-Clean for debris removal :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}
2. Topical meds: tailored to cause—miticides, antibacterial/steroid combos (e.g. Tresaderm, Mometamax), antifungals (e.g. terbinafine/ketoconazole) :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}
3. Systemic treatment: oral antibiotics or antifungals where needed :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}
4. Address underlying cause: treat mites, allergies, polyps or wax impediment :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}
5. Pain & inflammation support: NSAIDs or steroids to relieve discomfort and canal swelling
6. Severe cases: surgical intervention, myringotomy, or otoplasty for chronic infection or closed canal

🏡 Home Care & Follow-Up

• Clean ears as directed; use approved cleanser only :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}
• Apply topical meds carefully—avoid nozzle touching and allow shaking :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}
• Monitor symptom improvement—reduced scratching, discharge, odor :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}
• Complete full course—even if improved—to avoid recurrence :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}
• Schedule recheck cytology to confirm resolution
• Keep environment clean and low-stress to prevent flare-ups; support with calming tools from Woopf & Purrz
• Use the Ask A Vet app for advice during at-home treatment

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

• Check ears regularly—every 1–2 weeks; light pink with no odor or wax :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}
• Avoid over-cleaning—natural flora is important :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}
• Treat mites, allergies, and skin conditions promptly
• Vaccinate, control parasites, and keep indoor cats indoors
• Annual vet exams—catch early ear disease before it becomes chronic

🌟 Prognosis & Long-Term Outlook

• Most cats recover well with early, complete treatment :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}
• Chronic or recurrent cases need deeper evaluation—imaging, culture, specialist referral
• With chronic conditions like mites or allergies, lifelong ear maintenance may be required
• If middle/inner ear involved, prognosis is fair with longer treatment—surgical or medical management helps most cats :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}

📝 Summary Table