🧪 Chemical Injuries in Dogs and Cats – A 2025 Vet’s Guide to Emergency First Aid for Skin and Eye Burns

By Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc

⚠️ What Are Chemical Injuries?

Chemical injuries (also known as chemical burns) occur when a pet comes into contact with corrosive substances such as lye, bleach, acids, or harsh cleaners. These can cause skin, eye, or internal tissue damage—similar to burns from heat. 🧬

📞 Emergency Contact Numbers

• 📱 ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: (888) 426-4435
• 📱 Pet Poison Helpline: (855) 764-7661

🚨 What to Do Immediately

1. 🏥 Get to a Vet ASAP

Prompt professional care is essential to prevent worsening tissue damage.

2. 🛑 Muzzle If Needed

If your pet is in pain and could bite, use a muzzle for safety—but do not delay rinsing.

3. 🚿 Flush the Area

• Use lukewarm, flowing water for at least 15 minutes
• Do not use ice-cold or hot water

4. 🧂 Saline Flush for Eyes

• If the eyes are affected, flush with saline or water for 15 minutes
• To make saline: mix 2 tsp salt in 1 quart of water (or 9g in 1L)

5. 🌬️ Ensure Good Ventilation

Many chemicals release harmful fumes. Keep the area well-ventilated while flushing.

6. 🧹 For Dry Chemicals

Brush away powders gently before rinsing. Avoid activating the chemical with standing water.

❌ What NOT to Do

• 🚫 Do NOT apply neutralizing agents. This can cause heat-producing chemical reactions and further tissue damage.
• 🚫 Do NOT immerse in still water (e.g., a tub) if dry chemicals are present—flowing water only.

👁️ Chemical Eye Injuries

Eyes are especially vulnerable. Use saline or tap water to flush immediately—don’t delay! Avoid contact lens solution unless it's labeled “saline only.” 💧

🧪 Common Household Chemical Hazards

• 🧼 Bleach, drain cleaners, toilet bowl tablets
• 🌱 Pesticides and lawn treatments
• 🧴 Cleaning agents with ammonia or lye
• 🚗 Automotive fluids like antifreeze or battery acid

🧴 Signs of Chemical Injury

• 🔴 Red, irritated skin or eyes
• 🌡️ Swelling or blistering
• 😖 Painful vocalizing, pawing at the face
• 🤢 Vomiting or drooling (if ingested)
• 😵 Disorientation or difficulty breathing

👨‍⚕️ At the Vet: What to Expect

• 🧪 Further flushing or decontamination
• 💊 Medications: pain relief, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories
• 🧫 Eye staining to check for corneal damage
• 🏥 Possible hospitalization for severe burns or internal exposure

🛡️ Preventing Chemical Injuries

• 🔒 Store chemicals securely—out of reach
• 📦 Don’t leave cleaning agents open or unattended
• 🧼 Use pet-safe cleaning products whenever possible
• 🐕 Keep pets out of treated yards until completely dry

📲 Ask A Vet for Emergency Advice

Worried your pet got into something toxic? Don’t wait—contact your vet or reach out on the Ask A Vet App. Our team is available 24/7 for urgent guidance. 🐶📱

Visit AskAVet.com to chat with a licensed veterinary professional right away. 🩺

✅ Summary: Chemical Burn First Aid

• 🚿 Flush with water for at least 15 minutes
• 🧹 Brush off dry chemicals before rinsing
• ❌ Don’t apply neutralizers
• 💧 Use homemade saline for eyes (2 tsp salt per quart of water)
• 📞 Contact a vet or poison control immediately

💬 Final Words from Dr Duncan Houston

Chemical burns are frightening—but immediate, correct action can make all the difference. If your pet has had an exposure, start flushing with water, then get help. Whether it’s a surface chemical or something more serious, we're here to guide you every step of the way. 💙🐾

Need help now? Open the Ask A Vet App or visit AskAVet.com to connect with a vet in real time. 🩺📱