🔍 What Is Chronic Bronchitis?

Chronic bronchitis—or chronic lower airway disease—is long-term inflammation of a cat's bronchi and bronchioles. It's progressive and irreversible, commonly overlapping with feline asthma :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

⚠️ Causes & Risk Factors

• Airway irritants: cigarette smoke, dust, perfumes, sprays, litter dust :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Allergic inflammation—often coexisting with asthma :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Infections: bacterial, viral, fungal, parasites such as lungworm or heartworm :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Dental disease seeding bacteria into lungs :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Breed & age: most common in middle-to-older cats; Siamese reported at higher risk :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.

🚩 Signs & Symptoms

• Persistent, dry/hacking cough often mistaken for hairball gagging :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Wheezing, noisy breathing, difficulty exhaling, especially after activity or at rest :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Open-mouth breathing, abdominal breathing, increased respiratory rate (>40) in severe cases :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Fatigue, occasional cyanotic gums during episodes, but appetite often maintained :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.

🔬 Veterinary Diagnosis

1. History & exam: Evaluate cough duration, exposure to irritants, physical exam including lung auscultation :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
2. Thoracic radiographs: Reveal bronchial/interstitial lung patterns, hyperinflation, and possible lung lobe collapse or bronchiectasis :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
3. Bronchoscopy & BAL: Allows sampling mucus and cells for cytology/culture, distinguishes infection, parasites, or eosinophilia :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
4. Blood & fecal testing: Check CBC, biochemistry, heartworm, lungworm via Baermann, and parasite screenings :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
5. Exclusion of other disease: Rule out heart disease, pneumonia, neoplasia :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.

🛠️ Treatment & Management

1. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

• Systemic corticosteroids—prednisone (1–2 mg/kg, tapered) or dexamethasone per guidance :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Long-term inhaled corticosteroids (e.g. fluticasone) via spacer masks reduce systemic side effects :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.

2. Bronchodilators & Nebulization

• Inhaled beta‑agonists (albuterol) via spacer inhaler for acute bronchospasm :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.
• Inhaled therapy and steam/nebulization helps loosen mucus :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.

3. Antibiotics & Antiparasitics

• Targeted antibiotics if infection present (secondary or primary) :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Treat parasites like lungworms (e.g. Aelurostrongylus) with appropriate dewormer :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.

4. Environmental Management

• Eliminate triggers—smoke, aerosol cleaners, perfumed candles, dusty litter :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Use air purifiers, low-dust litter, humidifiers, and encourage weight management :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.

5. Supportive Care & Lifestyle

• Light exercise and controlled environment helps mucus clearance :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.
• Regular dental cleanings to reduce infection risk :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.
• Ensure free access to water and comfortable resting space.

📅 Follow-Up & Prognosis

• Monitor response: recheck X-rays, cough frequency, lung sounds every 3–6 months :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.
• Taper medications gradually; inhaled therapy preferred long-term to minimize side effects :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.
• With proper management, many cats enjoy normal lifespan and quality of life :contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}.
• Severe or advanced cases may develop irreversible changes (bronchiectasis, fibrosis), requiring lifelong support :contentReference[oaicite:31]{index=31}.

📝 Quick Reference Table