Corneal Sequestrum in Cats: A 2025 Veterinary Guide to Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention 🐱🩺

By Dr. Duncan Houston, BVSc

Corneal sequestrum is a unique and potentially serious eye condition in cats, characterized by the development of a necrotic (dead) area on the cornea, often appearing as a dark brown to black spot. Understanding this condition is crucial for early detection and effective treatment, ensuring the well-being of our feline companions.

What is Corneal Sequestrum? 👁️

Corneal sequestrum involves the death of corneal tissue, leading to the formation of a pigmented lesion. This condition is almost exclusive to cats and can result from chronic irritation, trauma, or underlying infections. The lesion may vary in size and depth, potentially causing discomfort and vision impairment.

Causes and Risk Factors 🧬

Several factors contribute to the development of corneal sequestrum:

• Chronic Corneal Irritation: Persistent irritation from entropion (inward-turning eyelids), trichiasis (ingrown eyelashes), or exposure to environmental irritants.
• Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1): A common viral infection in cats that can cause recurrent ocular issues.
• Breed Predisposition: Brachycephalic breeds like Persians, Himalayans, and Burmese are more susceptible due to their facial structure.
• Previous Eye Trauma or Ulcers: Past injuries or ulcers can predispose the cornea to sequestrum formation.

Symptoms to Watch For 🔍

Early detection is vital. Look out for:

• Dark brown to black spot on the cornea
• Squinting or frequent blinking (blepharospasm)
• Excessive tearing or ocular discharge
• Redness or inflammation around the eye
• Cloudiness of the cornea
• Signs of discomfort or pawing at the eye

Diagnosis 🩺

A veterinarian will perform a thorough eye examination, which may include:

• Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy: To assess the corneal lesion in detail.
• Fluorescein Staining: To detect corneal ulcers or defects.
• Schirmer Tear Test: To evaluate tear production.
• Tonometry: To measure intraocular pressure.
• Ocular Imaging: Advanced imaging techniques for detailed assessment.

Treatment Options 💊

Treatment depends on the severity and depth of the sequestrum:

Medical Management:

• Topical antibiotics to prevent secondary infections
• Lubricating eye drops to maintain corneal moisture
• Antiviral medications if FHV-1 is involved
• Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce discomfort

Note: Medical management may be suitable for superficial lesions but requires close monitoring.

Surgical Intervention:

For deeper or more severe sequestra, surgery is often necessary:

• Keratectomy: Surgical removal of the necrotic corneal tissue.
• Corneal Grafting: Using conjunctival or synthetic grafts to support healing.
• Postoperative Care: Includes pain management, antibiotics, and protective measures like an Elizabethan collar.

Prognosis 📈

With timely and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally good. Surgical intervention often results in successful removal of the sequestrum and restoration of vision, though some scarring may remain. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor healing and prevent recurrence.

Prevention Strategies 🛡️

Preventive measures include:

• Regular eye examinations, especially for high-risk breeds
• Prompt treatment of eye infections or injuries
• Managing underlying conditions like FHV-1
• Maintaining a clean environment to reduce irritants

Breed-Specific Considerations 🐾

Brachycephalic breeds such as Persians, Himalayans, and Burmese have a higher predisposition due to their facial anatomy, which can lead to incomplete eyelid closure and increased corneal exposure. Owners of these breeds should be particularly vigilant for early signs of ocular issues.

Conclusion 📝

Corneal sequestrum is a serious but manageable condition in cats. Early recognition and intervention are key to preserving your cat's vision and comfort. Regular veterinary care and attention to ocular health can make a significant difference.

For personalized advice and support, consider reaching out to veterinary professionals through platforms like Ask A Vet. Their expertise can guide you through diagnosis, treatment options, and ongoing care tailored to your cat's specific needs.

Stay proactive in your cat's health to ensure a happy and healthy life together. 🐾