Cryptorchidism in Dogs and Cats: A 2025 Vet Guide by Dr Duncan Houston 🐾🧬

By Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc | July 2025

🔍 What Is Cryptorchidism?

Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both of a male dog’s or cat’s testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. While it may seem minor, retained testicles can lead to serious medical risks, including testicular cancer and torsion (twisting of the testicle). The only recommended treatment is surgical removal. 🩺

🧠 When Should Testicles Drop?

🐶 Dogs: By 8 weeks of age, both testicles are usually palpable in the scrotum
🐱 Cats: Typically descend by 8–16 weeks of age

In young puppies, testicles may move between the scrotum and inguinal area, especially if the pup is obese or nervous during exams. In some cases, the retained testicle remains in the abdomen and cannot be felt on physical exam. 📋

🔬 How Does Cryptorchidism Occur?

During fetal development, a structure called the gubernaculum guides the testicle from near the kidney into the scrotum. If this pathway doesn’t form correctly, the testicle becomes trapped in the abdomen, inguinal canal, or subcutaneous tissue.

⚖️ Types of Cryptorchidism

🔹 Unilateral: Only one testicle retained (usually the right)
🔸 Bilateral: Both testicles retained—these animals are usually sterile

🐶 Breeds Commonly Affected

Cryptorchidism is most common in dogs, especially:

Yorkshire Terrier
Pomeranian
Miniature Schnauzer
Chihuahua
Shetland Sheepdog
French Poodle
German Shepherd
Siberian Husky
Dachshund
Brachycephalic breeds

In cats, the condition is rare, but more common in Persians. 🧬

⚠️ Why Cryptorchidism Matters

Retained testicles are at higher risk of developing:

💥 Testicular torsion (painful twisting)
🧫 Testicular cancer
🔁 Genetic transmission of the condition to offspring

Cryptorchid animals should never be bred, even if only one testicle is retained. Breeding will pass this trait to future generations. ❌

🧪 Diagnosis Tools

🩺 Physical exam: palpation of the scrotum and inguinal area
📸 Imaging: Ultrasound may be needed to locate an abdominal testicle
🧬 Testosterone assay: Helps differentiate between a neutered and a cryptorchid male (especially in cats)

✂️ Treatment: Surgical Removal

Orchiectomy (neuter) is the only solution. Even if only one testicle is retained, both testicles should be removed to:

🛡️ Eliminate cancer and torsion risk
🧬 Prevent passing on genetic defect

Surgical Considerations:

🔍 Locating the retained testicle can require abdominal surgery
🏥 Most pets go home the same day; some stay overnight
🩹 10–14 days of recovery with restricted activity
💉 Incision care and monitoring for infection is essential

🩺 Post-Surgery Care Tips

🛌 Limit running, jumping, and rough play for 2 weeks
🧴 Use an e-collar to prevent licking or chewing
👀 Monitor incision daily for redness or swelling
🧵 If non-dissolvable sutures were used, return for removal at 10–14 days

📈 Prognosis

Once both testicles are removed, cryptorchid animals with no other defects go on to live long, healthy lives. 🐕❤️

📋 Summary Table: Cryptorchidism

Aspect	Details
Condition	One or both testicles fail to descend
Risk	Cancer, torsion, genetic inheritance
Treatment	Surgical removal (orchiectomy)
Breeding?	Never recommended
Prognosis	Excellent if both testicles removed

🔧 Ask A Vet Can Help

Not sure if your dog or cat has a retained testicle? Use the Ask A Vet app to chat with a licensed veterinarian, upload images, or get referrals for surgery. 🐾💬

🐾 Final Thoughts from Dr Duncan Houston

Cryptorchidism is common, manageable, and surgically curable. If your pet hasn’t been neutered and a testicle seems missing—don’t wait. Early intervention means better outcomes and a healthier life. 💙🦴

— Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc

Visit AskAVet.com or download the Ask A Vet app for cryptorchidism guidance, surgical consults, and aftercare support. 📱