💤 Do Horses Sleep Standing? Vet Guide 2025 by Dr Duncan Houston

Horses are known for standing while sleeping—but what's really happening behind those relaxed eyes? In this veterinary guide, I'll explore equine sleep phases, the role of the stay apparatus, myth-busting, and practical tips to make sure your horse gets safe, restful sleep. 🐴✨

1. Equine Sleep Patterns

Horses sleep in two main phases:

• Light sleep: Often while standing; includes slow-wave brain activity and requires minimal muscle relaxation.
• Deep (REM) sleep: Characterised by rapid eye movement and muscle paralysis—horses must lie down for this stage.

On average, horses sleep just 2–3 hours in total per day, split into short intervals. Their light sleep occurs standing, and they lie down for REM sleep, usually less than 2 hours total. Senior or foaling mares may lie down more frequently.

2. The Stay Apparatus

Horses use a specialized limb mechanism called the stay apparatus—a system of tendons and ligaments that lock joints in the legs. This allows them to doze while standing without actively using muscles—saving energy and enabling rapid escape if threatened. This evolved as a survival adaptation in prey species.

3. Standing Sleep vs Lying Sleep

4. Sleep Duration & Behavior

• Total daily rest time is short: 2–3 hours in a 24‑hour cycle, including naps and REM.
• Horses usually need 30–120 minutes of lying time for deep sleep.
• They may take brief dozing periods standing but require nighttime lying in groups for safety and comfort.

5. Myths & Misconceptions

• **Myth:** "Horses only sleep standing." Fact: Dozing occurs standing, but REM requires lying down.
• **Myth:** "Not lying equals lack of sleep." Fact: They get mental rest standing; lying down is essential for deep sleep.
• **Myth:** "One horse lying down means danger." Fact: Most equine groups take turns lying and standing; group sleeping is typical.

6. Ensuring Safe Rest Environment

• Clean, dry bedding: Encourage lying down, especially for older or laminitic horses.
• Group housing: Allows peaceful sleep routines and social rest support.
• Low stress: Calm lighting, minimal noise, and no sudden interruptions.
• Comfortable footing: Non-slippery surfaces for lying and rising.

7. Signs of Poor Sleep

Clues your horse isn’t sleeping well include:

• Excessive yawning or droopy eyes during the day
• Agitated behavior or prolonged alert posture
• Poor performance, irritability, weight loss

If your horse hesitates to lie down, assess for pain (laminitis, muscle soreness, ocular irritation) and consult your vet.

8. Veterinary Evaluation for Sleep Issues

• Full lameness exam—especially feet and joints
• Pain scoring and ultrasound if needed
• Monitor lying behavior—night video is invaluable
• Assess bedding, turnout, and environmental stress
• Try pain relief and sleep trials; reevaluate after changes

9. Practical Sleep Tips for Owners

• Encourage group turnout—for safety during lying and rising
• Clean and refresh stall bedding daily
• Observe lying cycles—most horses lie 3–5 times nightly
• Offer soft bedding or mats for older or rehabilitating horses
• Supplement melatonin? Not needed—focus on comfort

10. Summary Table

🔚 Final Thoughts

Yes—horses do sleep standing, but that’s only part of their rest routine. Lying down for REM sleep is crucial for their health and cognitive function. A comfortable sleeping setup, appropriate bedding, and pain-free environment ensure they can rest deeply. If your horse avoids lying, it's time for a veterinary check-up. Need help optimizing your horse’s sleep environment or assessing lying behavior? Reach out to our Ask A Vet team. Download the Ask A Vet app for customized guidance, night-time video analysis tips, and 24/7 vet access. 🌙