Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis in Ferrets: A Vet’s 2025 Guide to Causes, Care & Prevention 🐾🩺

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc – exotic-mammal veterinarian & founder of Ask A Vet 🩺

Also known as “Green Slime Disease,” Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE) is a contagious coronavirus infection in ferrets, causing sudden onset of mucoid green diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration—and in older pets, prolonged illness. With early veterinary care and supportive management, most ferrets recover fully. This 2025 guide outlines symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, immunity, and prevention. Let’s dive deep into ensuring your ferret bounces back strong. 🛡️

1. 🧬 What Causes ECE?

• ECE is caused by a ferret-specific enteric coronavirus, also known as Ferret Enteric Coronavirus (FRECV) :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.
• The virus damages intestinal villi, reducing nutrient absorption and causing mucus overproduction :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Highly contagious—spreads through feces, contaminated bedding, hands, clothing, and fomites :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.

2. 🕒 Incubation & Spread

• Symptoms typically appear 2–14 days post-exposure; most show signs within 48–72 hours :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Outbreaks often follow introduction of a seemingly healthy new ferret into a home or facility :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Morbidity is nearly 100% in naive groups; mortality remains low (<5%) with treatment :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.

3. ⚠️ Recognizing the Signs

• Early signs: anorexia, vomiting (watery/stomach fluids) :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Then severe green, mucoid diarrhea—may become granular “birdseed” as villi regenerate :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Others: lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, weakness; older animals may have ulcers from stress :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Signs may linger intermittently for months during recovery due to intestinal inflammation :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.

4. 🩺 Diagnosing ECE

• Diagnosis based on clinical signs, history of exposure to other ferrets :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Intestinal biopsy can confirm villi blunting, mucosal damage :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Fecal PCR or coronavirus-specific testing may aid diagnosis :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.

5. 🛠 Treatment & Hospital Care

• Fluid replacement (IV or subcutaneous) to combat dehydration; veterinary monitoring vital :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• Bland, highly digestible diets: baby food, Carnivore Care or Hill’s a/d, energy-rich formulas :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.
• Syringe feeding or hand feeding small amounts frequently to maintain calories :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Veterinary-prescribed antibiotics/antivirals for secondary infections; acid blockers like sucralfate or omeprazole if ulcers appear :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Antispasmodics, gut protectants used as needed under vet guidance :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.

6. 🌱 Recovery Timeline

• Young, healthy ferrets often recover within ~21 days :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.
• Older or medically vulnerable ferrets may recover over a month or longer; lingering diarrhea common :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Approximately 20% may develop chronic gut issues or inflammatory bowel disease; can benefit from short-term steroids like prednisone :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.
• Stool output may vary—color and consistency changes during healing are normal :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.

7. 🔒 Prevention & Quarantine

• Quarantine new ferrets for 4 weeks; wash hands and change clothes before handling others :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.
• Clean and disinfect all surfaces—virus can persist in environment for months :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.
• Avoid bringing ferrets to shows or kennels during outbreaks or unknown health status :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.
• Since recovered ferrets shed virus for up to 8 months, maintain hygiene long-term :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.

8. 📋 Quick Reference Table

9. 🧡 Final Takeaways

• ECE is a highly contagious and sometimes severe viral enteritis—but most ferrets survive with proper care.
• Early veterinary action with fluids, nutrition, and gut protection is essential.
• Senior or health-compromised ferrets need longer recovery and monitoring.
• Strict quarantine and hygiene remain the best prevention tools—viruses linger, and shedding is prolonged.
• Ask A Vet is here for support—send symptom photos, get help managing nutrition, treatment plans, and recovery care.

If your ferret shows sudden green diarrhea, vomiting, or lethargy—especially after introducing a new pet—contact your exotic-mammal vet immediately. For in-depth home care advice, monitoring tips, or outbreak planning, download the Ask A Vet app or visit AskAVet.com. Your ferret's health and comfort matter—let’s help them thrive. 🐾