Feline Pulmonary Hypertension: Vet Guide 2025 🐱🫁📈

Hello caring cat guardians! I’m Dr Duncan Houston BVSc 🩺. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in cats refers to abnormally high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Though less common than systemic hypertension, it's serious—secondary to heartworm, lung disease, heart disease, blood clots, lungworms, or thromboembolism. This 2025 guide provides in‑depth insights into causes, signs, diagnostics, treatment, prognosis, and supportive home care—all with empathy and clarity 😊.

🔍 What Is Pulmonary Hypertension?

PH is defined by increased pressure in lung vessels, often due to secondary conditions like heartworm, lungworm, pulmonary fibrosis, left‑sided heart disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, or congenital shunts :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. Cats may suffer severe PH from Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

⚠️ Causes & Risk Factors

• **Parasitic**: heartworm or lungworms (e.g., A. abstrusus) :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• **Cardiac**: left‑sided disease backs up pressure into lung vasculature :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• **Respiratory**: chronic bronchitis, fibrosis, pneumonia :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• **Vascular**: thromboembolism, congenital shunts :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• **Idiopathic**: rare, with unclear cause :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.

👂 Clinical Signs to Watch

Signs can be subtle:

• Breathing effort, fast or labored breaths, cough, exercise intolerance :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Lethargy, fainting, abdominal fluid (ascites), dullness :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Cyanotic gums, poor appetite, weight loss :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Right‑sided heart failure signs: jugular distension, hepatomegaly, fluid accumulation :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.

🔬 Diagnosis Tools

• Chest X‑rays: enlarged pulmonary arteries, right heart enlargement; arterial re-structuring visible :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Echocardiography: gold standard—measures right ventricular pressure, hypertrophy, tricuspid regurgitation :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
• Bloodwork + heartworm testing: assess underlying causes :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• Advanced imaging: CT pulmonary angiography for thromboembolism; veterinary cardiologists recommended :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.

🏥 Treatment & Management

1. Address Underlying Cause

• Heartworm treatment or lungworm deworming :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Manage heart failure with appropriate medications and diets :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Treat lung or vascular disease (e.g., antibiotics for pneumonia; thrombolytics for clots) :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.

2. Pulmonary Vasodilators

• Sildenafil: PDE‑5 inhibitor lowers pulmonary arterial pressure :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.
• Tadalafil: similar but longer acting :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.

3. Adjunctive Therapies

• Oxygen therapy—critical during crises or hospitalizations :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.
• Inodilators (e.g., pimobendan) may support heart performance :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Diuretics for fluid buildup (ascites) :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.
• Bronchodilators and corticosteroids help respiratory disease :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.

📈 Prognosis & Follow‑Up

• Generally guarded—irreversible vascular changes often present :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.
• If cause treated (e.g., heartworm), PH may improve dramatically :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.
• With idiopathic or chronic disease, therapy aims at comfort/palliation; survival varies widely :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.
• Monitoring via echo/X‑ray/clinical exams every 3–6 months is key :contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}.

🏡 Home Care & Quality of Life

• Use **Ask A Vet app** 📱 to track breathing, fatigue, appetite, medication compliance.
• Create a calm environment—avoid stress, high humidity changes, second‑hand smoke.
• Provide easy-to-access food, water, litter, and comfy quiet resting spots like **Woopf & Purrz** bedding 🛏️.
• Administer medications consistently; oxygen chamber use at home if prescribed.
• Emergency signs: fainting, severe difficulty breathing, coughing blood—seek immediate vet care.

📝 Key Takeaways

• Pulmonary hypertension in cats is usually secondary, with serious consequences for heart and lungs.
• Symptoms are often subtle—cough, labored breathing, exercise intolerance, fainting, fluid buildup.
• Diagnosis requires X‑rays, echo, and evaluation of underlying disease.
• Treatment focuses on managing cause, using pulmonary vasodilators like sildenafil, oxygen, and supportive care.
• Prognosis is guarded—some improve if cause resolved; many require long-term management.

📞 When to Contact Ask A Vet

If your cat shows increased breathing effort, fainting, abdominal swelling, coughing, or lethargy—use the **Ask A Vet app** 💬 immediately for guidance and vet referral.

✨ Final Thoughts

Feline pulmonary hypertension is serious but manageable. With early detection, targeted treatment, and vigilant home care including oxygen support and environmental modifications, your cat can still enjoy quality time. You’re their advocate—every breath matters ❤️🐾.