Gingival Hyperplasia in Cats: A 2025 Vet Guide to Symptoms, Causes & Treatment 🦷🐱

By Dr. Duncan Houston, BVSc

Gingival hyperplasia, or the overgrowth of gum tissue, is a rare but significant dental condition in cats. It involves the thickening and enlargement of the gums, often due to chronic inflammation or other underlying factors. This comprehensive 2025 veterinary guide delves into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gingival hyperplasia in felines.

Understanding Gingival Hyperplasia 🧬

Gingival hyperplasia refers to the excessive growth of the gum tissue, leading to an abnormal enlargement that can cover parts of the teeth and interfere with normal oral functions. While more common in dogs, this condition can affect cats and may result from various causes, including chronic irritation, inflammation, or certain medications.

Common Symptoms 🔍

Signs of gingival hyperplasia in cats can vary but often include:

• Thickened or enlarged gums
• Formation of gum pockets
• Inflammation and redness of the gums
• Presence of growths or masses on the gum line
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Difficulty eating or chewing
• Drooling or pawing at the mouth

These symptoms necessitate immediate veterinary evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and initiate treatment.

Potential Causes 🐾

Several factors can contribute to the development of gingival hyperplasia in cats:

• Chronic inflammation: Persistent irritation from plaque and tartar buildup can stimulate gum overgrowth.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as calcium channel blockers or anticonvulsants, have been associated with gum enlargement.
• Genetic predisposition: Some breeds may be more susceptible to developing this condition.
• Systemic diseases: Conditions like feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can affect gum health.

Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment and management.

Diagnosis 🩺

Diagnosing gingival hyperplasia involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests:

• Oral examination: Assessing the extent of gum overgrowth and identifying any associated dental issues.
• Dental radiographs: Evaluating the underlying bone structure and detecting any periodontal disease.
• Biopsy: In cases where neoplasia (tumor) is suspected, a tissue sample may be taken for histopathological analysis.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Options 💊

Treatment strategies focus on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms:

• Professional dental cleaning: Removing plaque and tartar to reduce inflammation and prevent further gum overgrowth.
• Surgical intervention: In severe cases, gingivectomy (surgical removal of excess gum tissue) may be necessary to restore normal gum contours.
• Medication adjustments: If medications are contributing to the condition, alternatives may be considered under veterinary guidance.
• Home dental care: Implementing regular tooth brushing and dental hygiene practices to maintain oral health.

Early initiation of treatment often leads to a favorable prognosis.

Prognosis 📈

With prompt and appropriate treatment, many cats recover fully from gingival hyperplasia. However, recurrence is possible, especially if underlying causes are not addressed. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to ensure complete recovery and prevent future episodes.

Preventive Measures 🛡️

Preventing gingival hyperplasia involves proactive dental care:

• Regular dental check-ups: Routine veterinary examinations to monitor oral health and detect early signs of gum overgrowth.
• Consistent oral hygiene: Daily tooth brushing with feline-safe toothpaste to prevent plaque accumulation.
• Dental diets and treats: Providing specially formulated foods and treats that promote dental health.
• Monitoring medications: Being aware of potential side effects of prescribed drugs and discussing alternatives with your veterinarian if necessary.

Implementing these measures can significantly reduce the risk of gingival hyperplasia.

When to Consult a Veterinarian 👩‍⚕️

Seek veterinary attention if your cat exhibits any of the following:

• Visible gum enlargement or overgrowth
• Persistent bad breath
• Difficulty eating or changes in appetite
• Bleeding or inflamed gums

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a successful outcome.

Conclusion 📝

Gingival hyperplasia is a manageable condition in cats when detected early and treated appropriately. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and implementing preventive measures are essential steps in ensuring your cat's oral health and overall well-being.

For personalized advice and support, consider reaching out to veterinary professionals through platforms like Ask A Vet. Their expertise can guide you through diagnosis, treatment options, and ongoing care tailored to your cat's specific needs.

Stay proactive in your cat's health to ensure a happy and healthy life together. 🐾