Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye) in Cats: A 2025 Vet Guide to Symptoms, Causes & Treatment 🐱👁️

By Dr. Duncan Houston, BVSc

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), commonly known as dry eye syndrome, is a condition in cats characterized by inadequate tear production, leading to inflammation and discomfort in the eyes. While more prevalent in dogs, KCS in cats requires prompt attention to prevent complications. This 2025 veterinary guide provides an overview of the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for feline dry eye syndrome.

Understanding Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca 🧬

In cats, tears are essential for maintaining eye health, providing lubrication, and removing debris. The tear film comprises three layers: mucous, aqueous, and lipid. KCS occurs when the lacrimal glands fail to produce sufficient aqueous tears, resulting in dryness and inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Common Symptoms 🔍

Signs of KCS in cats may include:

• Excessive blinking or squinting
• Redness and inflammation of the eyes
• Thick, mucous-like discharge
• Cloudiness or dull appearance of the cornea
• Swelling of the conjunctiva
• Elevated third eyelid
• Corneal ulcers in severe cases
• Behavioral changes due to discomfort

Early detection is crucial to prevent progression and preserve vision.

Potential Causes 🐾

KCS in cats can result from various factors, including:

• Viral infections: Feline herpesvirus is a common cause
• Immune-mediated diseases: The immune system attacking tear-producing glands
• Medications: Certain drugs may reduce tear production
• Trauma: Injury to the eye or surrounding structures
• Neurological disorders: Affecting nerves that stimulate tear production
• Surgical procedures: Removal or damage to the third eyelid

Identifying the underlying cause aids in tailoring effective treatment strategies.

Diagnosis 🩺

Veterinarians diagnose KCS through a combination of clinical signs and diagnostic tests:

• Schirmer Tear Test (STT): Measures tear production using a special strip placed under the eyelid
• Fluorescein staining: Detects corneal ulcers or abrasions
• Comprehensive eye examination: Assesses overall eye health and rules out other conditions

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management.

Treatment Options 💊

Managing KCS involves stimulating tear production, reducing inflammation, and preventing secondary infections:

• Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops to alleviate dryness
• Immunomodulatory medications: Cyclosporine or tacrolimus to stimulate tear production
• Antibiotics: Addressing secondary bacterial infections
• Anti-inflammatory drugs: Reducing inflammation and discomfort
• Surgical intervention: In severe cases, procedures like parotid duct transposition may be considered

Consistent treatment and monitoring are vital for managing this chronic condition.

Prognosis 📈

With appropriate treatment, many cats experience significant improvement. However, KCS often requires lifelong management. Regular veterinary check-ups ensure treatment efficacy and adjust therapies as needed.

Preventive Measures 🛡️

While not all cases are preventable, certain steps can reduce the risk:

• Prompt treatment of eye infections
• Regular veterinary examinations
• Monitoring for adverse reactions to medications
• Protecting eyes from trauma

Early intervention is key to maintaining ocular health.

When to Consult a Veterinarian 👩‍⚕️

Seek veterinary attention if your cat exhibits:

• Persistent eye redness or discharge
• Squinting or excessive blinking
• Cloudiness or dullness in the eyes
• Behavioral changes indicating discomfort

Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and preserve vision.

Conclusion 📝

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a manageable condition with proper care and veterinary guidance. Understanding the symptoms and treatment options empowers cat owners to provide the best care for their feline companions.

For personalized advice and support, consider reaching out to veterinary professionals through platforms like Ask A Vet. Their expertise can guide you through diagnosis, treatment options, and ongoing care tailored to your cat's specific needs.

Stay proactive in your cat's health to ensure a happy and healthy life together. 🐾