🐴 Necrotic Vaginitis in Horses and Donkeys: Post-Foaling Recovery in 2025 🩺👶

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Foaling is a natural process, but even in seemingly normal deliveries, trauma to the birth canal can occur. One of the most serious post-foaling complications in mares—especially miniature horses and donkeys—is necrotic vaginitis. In 2025, early detection, prompt treatment, and careful post-foaling exams remain critical to prevent long-term reproductive damage. 🧠🐎

🧠 What Is Necrotic Vaginitis?

Necrotic vaginitis is tissue death (necrosis) of the vaginal lining following trauma during foaling. It’s most common in:

• 👶 Maiden mares foaling for the first time
• 🚨 Difficult births requiring manipulation by a vet
• 🐴 Miniature horses and donkeys with narrow pelvic structures

Even “normal” foalings can involve mild trauma—but when that trauma leads to tissue breakdown and infection, fast intervention is key. 🧬

📋 When to Suspect Post-Foaling Trauma

Even if the foal is delivered successfully, a mare should be examined if she shows any of the following signs post-foaling:

• 🐢 Lethargy or depression
• 🥱 Inappetence
• 💧 Dribbling urine or frequent urination
• 🔥 Pain around the vulva or hindquarters

Many of these symptoms are due to trauma around the urethral opening and vaginal lining. 🚨

🔬 Confirming the Diagnosis

Every mare with a difficult foaling should receive a speculum exam 12–24 hours after birth:

• 👀 Bruising or red tissue may indicate early inflammation
• 🟣 Blue or black tissue signals necrosis and sloughing

The exam is performed by parting the vulvar lips and gently inserting a speculum to visualize the vaginal walls. A rectal or transabdominal exam may also be performed to rule out internal trauma. 🩺

💉 Treatment of Necrotic Vaginitis

Once diagnosed, treatment aims to:

• 🛡️ Prevent infection with systemic or topical antibiotics
• 🧴 Reduce inflammation and promote healing
• ⚠️ Prevent adhesions between the vaginal walls

✅ Key Treatment Steps

• 💉 Begin antibiotics to control bacterial spread
• 🧴 Apply a topical antibiotic-steroid cream inside the vagina
• 🧤 Use a sterile-gloved hand to ensure gentle application
• 📆 Repeat treatment twice weekly until healing is complete

⚠️ Adhesion Risk in Miniature Horses

Miniature horses are at special risk for adhesions forming between the vaginal walls during healing. These adhesions can:

• 🚫 Block the vaginal canal
• 💔 Cause future breeding or foaling issues

That's why diligent cream application and monitoring are crucial in these smaller breeds. 🧠

📆 Preventive Care: The 12-Hour Rule

Dr Duncan Houston recommends:

• 📋 Routine vulvar inspection at 12 hours post-foaling
• 🔬 If bruising or trauma is present, proceed with a full exam
• 🧠 Start early treatment before necrosis progresses

Prompt action means faster recovery and less risk of permanent damage. 💡

📲 Ask A Vet for Post-Foaling Care

If your mare had a difficult birth—or you own miniatures or donkeys—visit AskAVet.com or use the Ask A Vet App to request a post-foaling vaginal exam plan. 📱🐴

Dr Duncan Houston and the team can advise on early signs, antibiotic selection, and healing protocols to prevent complications. 💬🧠

🏁 Final Thoughts

Necrotic vaginitis is painful—but highly treatable if caught early. In 2025, routine exams and early topical therapy make it easier than ever to protect your mare’s long-term health after foaling. Don’t let trauma go unnoticed—schedule a checkup and give your mare a safe, smooth postpartum recovery. ❤️🐎

Need a post-foaling exam plan? Visit AskAVet.com and protect your mare’s reproductive future 🐴🩺