🦴 What Is Panosteitis?

Panosteitis—also called enostosis or simply “pano”—is a common, painful condition seen in growing dogs, especially large breeds. It’s often described as the canine version of “growing pains” and typically affects dogs between 5 and 18 months of age. Thankfully, it’s temporary and resolves on its own as your pup matures. 🐾

📈 Who’s at Risk?

Panosteitis usually strikes large or giant breed dogs and is more common in males than females (about 3:1). While it’s most typical in these breeds:

• German Shepherds
• Golden Retrievers
• Labrador Retrievers
• Basset Hounds
• Doberman Pinschers

…it can affect any breed or mix that’s growing quickly during puppyhood.

⚠️ What Are the Signs of Panosteitis?

The hallmark of panosteitis is **shifting leg lameness**. This means your dog may limp on one leg today and on another tomorrow. Here are key signs:

• 🐾 Limping that moves from one leg to another
• 🦶 Soreness in one or more long bones (not joints)
• 🛌 Difficulty rising or reluctance to walk
• 🌡️ Mild fever in some cases
• 😖 Pain when pressure is applied to affected bone areas

Each flare-up typically lasts 2–5 weeks and may recur intermittently until around 18 months old. Some dogs may have a minor recurrence near 2 years of age, but the condition eventually goes away for good.

🔬 What’s Going on Inside the Bone?

Panosteitis affects the **medullary (marrow) cavity** of long bones like the femur, humerus, or radius. In healthy bone, this cavity contains fatty and blood-cell-producing marrow. During a pano flare-up:

1. 🧬 Fatty marrow is replaced by fibrous tissue
2. 🔄 Fibrous tissue transforms into woven bone—a less organized form of bone tissue
3. 📉 Bone remodeling eventually corrects the structure, restoring healthy bone over time

📸 Diagnosis: How Vets Confirm Panosteitis

A combination of clinical signs and radiographs (X-rays) are used. On X-rays, affected bones show a distinctive cloudy appearance in the bone marrow cavity.

🧪 In rare or unclear cases, a bone scan (nuclear medicine imaging) may be recommended—but this is uncommon.

Panosteitis does not affect the joints themselves, which helps rule out joint-based conditions like OCD, hypertrophic osteodystrophy, or elbow dysplasia.

🌱 What Causes Panosteitis?

The exact cause remains unknown, but there are several strong theories:

• Dietary Factors – High-protein diets may contribute by increasing protein in the marrow, which draws in fluid, increases pressure, and causes pain
• Over-Supplementation – Giving calcium or vitamins to large-breed puppies can throw off natural bone development
• Genetics – Breed predisposition suggests a hereditary component
• Hormonal Imbalance or Reduced Blood Flow – Theories also exist around vascular factors within bone development

🎯 Feeding a **large-breed puppy food** and avoiding unnecessary supplements is the best way to reduce risk.

💊 Treatment Options

Since panosteitis is self-limiting, the main goal is **pain management** and **comfort** until the episodes stop. Treatments include:

• NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories) – Vet-prescribed medications such as carprofen or meloxicam provide inflammation and pain relief
• Rest and Activity Control – Limit high-impact exercise during flare-ups
• Comfortable bedding – Helps reduce limb pressure and soreness
• Weight management – Avoiding excess weight reduces strain on developing limbs

If NSAIDs are not enough, your vet may add other medications like gabapentin for nerve-related discomfort. 🐶💤

📊 Panosteitis vs. Other Conditions

🧭 What to Expect Over Time

Panosteitis runs its course over weeks to months and usually resolves by the time the dog is **18–24 months old**. Flare-ups may happen every few weeks or months but become less intense with time.

• ⏳ Episodes last 2–5 weeks
• 📉 Frequency and severity taper off as dog matures
• ✅ Full recovery expected with no long-term damage

🔧 Ask A Vet Can Help

Not sure if your pup’s limp is from pano or something more serious? Use the Ask A Vet app to share videos, discuss diet, and get advice from licensed veterinarians. 🐕💬 Early guidance makes all the difference in pain relief and accurate diagnosis!

🐾 Final Thoughts from Dr Duncan Houston

Panosteitis may look scary when your young dog starts limping, but rest assured—it’s temporary and treatable. With your vet’s help and a little patience, your pup will outgrow this phase and return to bouncing around pain-free. ❤️🐶