📚 What Is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is degenerative wear of joint cartilage with joint inflammation and abnormal bone growth. Common in older rabbits, especially those with past injury, obesity, or conformational issues.

⚠️ Why It Matters

• Causes chronic pain, stiffness, mobility decline, and reduced quality of life.
• Often goes unnoticed due to rabbits’ nature of hiding pain, leading to progressive worsening.
• Increases risk of secondary issues like muscle atrophy, weight gain, urinary problems due to reduced activity.

🧠 Common Causes & Risk Factors

• **Age‑related wear:** rabbits >5–6 years often show early signs.
• **Obesity:** excess body weight significantly increases joint load.
• **Previous trauma or infection:** past fractures or septic arthritis can accelerate OA.
• **Conformation abnormalities:** hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, compressed spine, hind limb malalignment.
• **Breed predisposition:** larger breeds (Flemish Giants) and lop‑eared rabbits are more at risk.

👀 Signs to Watch For

• Stiffness after resting—slow to stand, bunny “hops” hesitantly.
• Lameness or favouring one limb; difficulty jumping or climbing.
• Reduced grooming; unkempt coat, fur mats.
• Behavioral change: hiding, irritability, reduced play and social behaviour.
• Muscle loss around affected joints, thickened joint margins.

🔍 Diagnostic Workflow

• **History & physical exam:** ask about mobility changes, environment, past injuries.
• **Orthopaedic exam:** assess for pain on flexion, crepitus, heat, joint thickening.
• **Radiographs:** confirm OA—joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral bone changes.
• **Advanced imaging:** CT or MRI if spinal involvement or soft tissue disorders suspected.
• **Exclude differential diagnoses:** septic arthritis, E. cuniculi myelopathy, dental pain with posture changes.

💊 Multimodal Treatment Plan

1. Pain Relief

• **NSAIDs**—meloxicam or carprofen, typically 0.1–0.3 mg/kg q24h; monitor renal health.
• **Opioids** like buprenorphine for breakthrough pain.
• **Gabapentin** may help neuropathic pain in chronic cases.

2. Cartilage Support

• **Glucosamine-chondroitin supplements** to support joint integrity.
• **Omega-3 fatty acids** for anti-inflammatory effect.

3. Weight Management

• **Calorie-controlled diet:** increased hay intake to support weight loss.
• **Encourage activity** with toys and environmental enrichment.

4. Physiotherapy & Environmental Modifications

• **Controlled exercise:** daily short walking sessions, gentle encouragement.
• **Passive range of motion:** guided by veterinarian or physiotherapist to maintain joint flexibility.
• **Warmth therapy:** heating pads (low setting) or infrared therapy to ease stiffness.
• **Home modifications:** low-entry litter boxes, ramps, non-slip surfaces.

5. Alternative Therapies

• **Low‑level laser therapy (LLLT)** to reduce inflammation and pain.
• **Hydrotherapy** (warm shallow baths) under professional supervision.
• **Acupuncture** as adjunct for long-term pain control.

🏠 Home Care & Monitoring

• **Daily logs:** record activity, appetite, droppings, and mobility changes.
• **Grooming assistance:** keep coat clean and trimmed in less mobile rabbits.
• **Assistive devices:** small ramps or support harness for movement help.
• **Scheduled follow-ups:** recheck every 3–6 months with radiographs if disease progresses.

📊 Quick Reference Table

🧠 Vet Tips for 2025

• **Proactive screening:** include mobility questions for rabbits over 3 years.
• **Combined therapy:** always use NSAIDs together with physiotherapy.
• **Owner training:** teach range-of-motion exercises and warm therapy at home.
• **Holistic strategy:** integrate weight control, pain relief, and rehab tools.
• **Desensitise for exams:** helpful for chronic patients—gentle handling reduces stress.

🔚 Final Takeaway

Osteoarthritis is an increasingly common issue in aging pet rabbits. With early recognition and a well-rounded plan—including pain relief, physiotherapy, weight control, and home support—rabbits can maintain mobility and comfort. In 2025, addressing joint health proactively gives bunnies a happier, longer, and more playful life. 🐇❤️

🌟 Partner Services

• Ask A Vet: Expert support for pain management planning, physiotherapy guidance, and multimodal treatment coordination.
• Woopf: Provide ramps, joint-support bedding, low–fat hay blends, and physiotherapy kits for at-home care.
• Purrz: Joint supplement packs, anti-inflammatory herbal blends, and weight-control treat options.