🔍 What Are Rhabdomyomas & Rhabdomyosarcomas?

Rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of striated muscle—rare in cats. Rhabdomyosarcoma is its malignant counterpart, commonly affecting cardiac tissue, tongue, larynx, and limbs :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

🐾 Why Cats Are Affected

Rhabdomyomas are often congenital. Rhabdomyosarcomas, though rare, can arise spontaneously in adult cats and may occur at injection sites :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

⚠️ Where They Occur & Signs

• Cardiac tumors: Often appear in ventricles or atria. Signs include difficulty breathing, fluid in chest/pericardium, and collapse :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Larynx/tongue: Vocal changes, breathing difficulty—usually benign masses :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Ear pinna: Rhabdomyomas may present as red-purple nodules—removed surgically with no recurrence after years :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

🔬 How Diagnosed?

• History & exam: note respiratory signs, murmurs, mass location.
• Imaging: Echocardiography, ultrasound, and X-rays for heart involvement; larynx or ear masses via ultrasound/endoscopy :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• Biopsy/FNA: Needed for definitive diagnosis.
• Histopathology & IHC: Rhabdomyosarcoma shows malignant features; cardiac embryonal subtype confirmed in a 2‑year‑old DSH cat with positive desmin/MyoD1 :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.

✂️ Treatment Strategies

• Surgery: Tasked for ear, laryngeal, and accessible mass removal—often curative for benign forms :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Cardiac tumors: Surgical options are limited—management focuses on supportive care and symptom relief; prognosis is poor for malignant forms :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Radiation/Chemo: May help reduce recurrence; evidence limited for cats :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Palliative care: Oxygen therapy, diuretics, pain control, and thoracocentesis for effusions.

📅 Prognosis & Follow-Up

• Benign rhabdomyomas: Excellent prognosis—rare recurrence post-removal :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Malignant cardiac RMS: Grim outlook—cases show aggressive local spread and metastasis; survival typically days to weeks :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Other RMS locations: Prognosis varies—head/ear forms may be controllable; systemic RMS carries poor outcomes.
• Monitoring: Post-op rechecks every 2–3 months with imaging and exam.

🐾 Home Care & Support

• Provide comfort: rest areas, oxygen as needed, stress-free environment.
• Encourage eating—soft, palatable food; appetite stimulants if advised.
• Manage chest fluid buildup with scheduled vet visits.
• Use Ask A Vet app for support, Woopf & Purrz tools to ease anxiety.
• Keep routine check-ups and watch for signs like breathing changes or swelling.

📝 Summary Table