🐰 The Vet’s Guide to Rabbit Cataracts in 2025

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc – professional veterinarian & Ask A Vet founder. Cataracts—opacity of the lens—are a significant cause of vision loss in rabbits. This guide covers causes (aging, trauma, genetics, *E. cuniculi*), diagnostic steps, surgical treatment (phacoemulsification), post-op care, and prevention strategies to support clear vision and comfort in bunnies.

🔍 What Is a Cataract?

A cataract is a cloudy area within the lens, blocking light from reaching the retina and impairing vision. In rabbits, cataracts vary from focal opacities to complete lens clouding. They can be congenital, age-related, or develop due to inflammation or injury.

⚠️ Common Causes in Rabbits

• *Encephalitozoon cuniculi* infection: Often presents unilaterally. Infected spores can trigger lens inflammation and cataract formation :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.
• Age-related changes: Nuclear sclerosis is common around 6 years and must be differentiated from cataracts :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Trauma: Blunt or penetrating eye injury can lead to opacity months later :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Genetics & breed predisposition: Some breeds, like Dutch and New Zealand whites, are more prone :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Other factors: Diabetes (rare) and nutritional deficiencies may contribute :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

👁️ Signs & Clinical Symptoms

• Cloudy or white appearance in the lens.
• Behavioral changes: bumping into objects, reduced activity :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• Secondary eye conditions: uveitis, redness, tearing, iris nodules :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Rare glaucoma presenting with pain and corneal enlargement :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.

🔬 Diagnostic Process

1. Ophthalmic exam: Pupil dilation and slit-lamp or penlight exam detect lens opacity :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
2. Rule out nuclear sclerosis: Evaluate opacity pattern and effect on vision :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
3. Blood tests: Screen for *E. cuniculi* and systemic disease :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
4. Ultrasound/electroretinography: Assess lens and retina integrity before surgery :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.

💉 Veterinary Treatment Options

1. Monitoring & Medical Management

Mild cataracts not affecting vision can be monitored, with visual adaptations made to the environment (consistent layout, no obstacles) :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}. Topical anti-inflammatories may help if uveitis is present, though no medication reverses cataracts :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.

2. Treat *E. cuniculi* When Present

Treat infected rabbits with fenbendazole to limit ocular spread, but this won't reverse lens opacity :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.

3. Cataract Surgery (Phacoemulsification)

• Phacoemulsification is the preferred surgical method, followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in some cases :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Best outcomes in healthy rabbits with no retinal disease :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Pre-op control of inflammation and once-weekly post-op exams enhance success :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.
• Rabbits may regenerate lens tissue, necessitating complete removal for lasting results :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.

🏡 Post-Operative & Home Care

• Administer prescribed pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications.
• Use topical antibiotic/steroid eye drops as directed to prevent infection and inflammation.
• Monitor closely for redness, discharge, light aversion or swelling.
• Keep the environment consistent—avoid bumps and hazards.
• Schedule regular recheck appointments to track healing and detect complications.

📈 Prognosis & Long-Term Outcome

• High success rate (90–95%) in restoring vision after phacoemulsification :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Untreated cataracts can lead to chronic uveitis or glaucoma :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.
• Early surgery improves prognosis; mature cataracts may be more challenging :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Lens regrowth is possible; full lens removal minimizes risk :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.

🛡️ Prevention & Early Detection

• Regular annual eye exams by a vet or ophthalmologist.
• Screen and treat *E. cuniculi* early to prevent ocular spread :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.
• Avoid eye trauma through safe handling and predator-proof housing.
• Monitor senior rabbits (>6 years) for nuclear sclerosis and early lens changes.

🤝 Integrating Ask A Vet, Woopf & Purrz Support

• Ask A Vet: Tele-vet consultations for evaluating vision concerns, pre-surgical planning, and post-op support.
• Woopf: Safe ophthalmic basins, soft bedding, and gentle enrichment to reduce eye irritation post-surgery.
• Purrz: Supplements to reduce inflammation and support ocular health during recovery.

📚 Case Examples

Case 1: Oliver – *E. cuniculi*–related cataract

Young rabbit with sudden unilateral lens opacity and minor uveitis. Treated with fenbendazole and anti-inflammatories. Monitored over months; vision remained functional, surgery avoided.

Case 2: Willow – Age-related bilateral cataracts

8‑yr-old with slowly progressive lens clouding. Opted for phacoemulsification with IOLs. Post-op was smooth, and Willow regained full vision and resumed normal activity.

⚠️ When to See a Vet Immediately

• Cloudiness appearing suddenly or within days
• Eye pain signs: rubbing, squinting, redness, glare sensitivity
• Discharge, irregular pupil size, or enlarged eye
• Behavioral changes: bumping into things, reluctance to move

✅ Key Take‑Home Points

• Cataracts are lens opacities in rabbits caused by *E. cuniculi*, aging, trauma, or genetics.
• Diagnosis involves ophthalmic exams, blood tests, and ocular imaging.
• Phacoemulsification offers the best chance of restored vision; early treatment yields excellent outcomes.
• Post-op care and monitoring prevent complications like uveitis or glaucoma.
• Prevent through routine eye checks, infection control, and safe housing.
• Support recovery using Ask A Vet consultations, Woopf care tools, and Purrz supplements.

With timely intervention and proper care in 2025, many rabbits overcome cataracts and enjoy a clear, vibrant life. Download the Ask A Vet app today for expert eye-health guidance and support anytime! 🐇❤️