🔍 What Are Upper Respiratory Infections?

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) in cats involve inflammation of the nose, throat, and sinuses. Common causes include viruses like feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and calicivirus, plus bacterial agents such as Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. URIs range from mild congestion to severe illness, especially in kittens or immunocompromised cats.

1. Causes & Risk Factors

• **FHV‑1 (Feline Herpesvirus):** causes sneezing, eye ulcers, chronic nasal signs.
• **Feline Calicivirus:** ulcers, severe eye/nose discharge, limping in some strains.
• **Bacterial causes:** often secondary—but sometimes primary, especially in multi-cat environments.
• **Risk factors:** young age (<1 year), shelter life, outdoor access, stress, vaccination gaps.

2. Clinical Signs & Timeline

• **Sneezing & nasal discharge:** watery → thick/mucopurulent in bacterial involvement.
• **Ocular discharge:** may be clear, colored, or become crusted.
• **Ulcers:** calicivirus often causes oral ulcers; herpesvirus causes corneal ulceration.
• **Fever, appetite loss, lethargy, dehydration, voice change.**
• **Progression:** viral disease usually peaks in 3–7 days; secondary bacterial infection may follow.

3. Diagnosis & Veterinary Exam

1. **History & exam:** including environment, vaccination, onset, duration, and signs.
2. **Ocular/nasal swabs:** PCR or viral culture if a specific agent (eg. calicivirus or herpes) is suspected—especially in outbreaks.
3. **Cytology & culture:** to detect bacterial involvement.
4. **Bloodwork & hydration check:** if lethargic and dehydrated.
5. **Imaging:** rarely needed—used to rule out pneumonia or sinusitis when indicated.

4. Treatment & Home Support

a. Symptomatic Care

• **Nasal decongestion:** use a warm, humidified environment or saline drops.
• **Eye treatment:** apply lubricants; treat ulcers if present.
• **Hydration & appetite stimulation:** encourage fluids; use palatable wet food or warmed food.

b. Antiviral & Antibiotic Therapy

• **L-lysine** may lessen herpesvirus outbreaks.
• **Topical antivirals** (e.g. idoxuridine) or oral famciclovir may be used for FHV.
• **Antibiotics:** doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate if bacterial infection suspected/confirmed.

c. Supportive Measures

• Maintain nutrition (e.g. appetite stimulants, syringe feeding if needed)
• Easy access to clean water bowls, clean bedding, and quiet, stress-free zones.
• Isolate sick cats during multi-cat outbreaks.

5. Monitoring & Follow‑Up Care

• Track daily: discharge, appetite, hydration, temperature.
• Follow-up vet visit if signs persist >10–14 days or worsen—chest X-rays or advanced testing may be needed.
• Eye ulceration may require specialist referral if not improving.

6. Prevention Strategies

• Vaccinate: core vaccines include FHV-1 and calicivirus annually.
• Reduce stress: environmental enrichment—hiding spaces, routine, Feliway diffuser.
• Good hygiene: clean food/water bowls, litter bins, bedding; maintain proper airflow.
• Avoid overcrowding in shelters/catteries; isolate isolating symptomatic cats.

7. Ask A Vet Remote Monitoring 🐾📲

• 📸 Upload photos daily of nasal/ocular discharge and energy levels.
• 🔔 Medication reminders for antivirals, antibiotics, eye drops.
• 🧭 Log appetite, water intake, sneezing frequency, grooming habits.
• 📊 Alerts for worsening signs: fever, labored breathing, lethargy, or reduced appetite.
• 👥 Virtual follow-ups to adjust care plans or recommend vet reevaluation.

8. FAQs

When should I worry?

See your vet promptly if your cat stops eating, becomes dehydrated or shows difficulty breathing.

Will indoor cats get URIs?

They can—especially if exposed to outdoor cats, stress, or lapsed vaccination.

Can I use human cold medicine?

No—human medications can be harmful to cats. Always get vet-approved meds.

How long is a cat contagious?

Viral shedding typically lasts 7–10 days. Strict hygiene helps limit spread.

9. Key Take‑Home Tips ✅

• Vaccinate and reduce stress: core defense against URIs.
• Supportive care is critical: hydration, nutrition, home environment.
• Monitor daily: watching signs and communicating via Ask A Vet ensures timely intervention.
• Seek veterinary care: if persistence, breathing trouble, or eye ulcers arise.
• Remote support: Ask A Vet gives convenient tracking, medication reminders, and professional guidance from home.

Conclusion

Upper respiratory infections are frequent health concerns in cats—especially kittens and communal populations. By combining vaccination, hygiene, supportive home care, and telehealth follow-up via Ask A Vet, owners can help their cats recover swiftly and avoid complications in 2025 and beyond 🐾📲.

If your cat shows sneezing, discharge, open-mouth breathing, not eating, or lethargy—contact your veterinarian and start remote monitoring through Ask A Vet for customized guidance.