Vet Approved Guide: 8 Common Urinary Problems in Dogs—Signs, Causes & Treatment 2025 🐶🐾

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Urinary issues are among the most frequently seen health problems in dogs. From infections to stones, incontinence to tumors, being able to recognize and respond promptly is essential. In 2025, deepen your understanding of these eight common urinary conditions to help your pup live comfortably. 🛡️

1. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) & Cystitis

UTIs (infection of the bladder or urethra) or sterile cystitis cause straining, frequent urination of small amounts, blood in the urine, accidents, and painful urination. UTIs require antibiotics, while sterile cystitis may respond to diet changes and anti-inflammatories.

2. Bladder Stones (Uroliths)

Mineral deposits form stones which can irritate the bladder or lodge in the urethra, blocking urine flow—a medical emergency. Symptoms include straining, repeated attempts, blood in the urine, pain, and possible abdominal swelling. Treatment may include diet therapy, flushing, or surgery.

3. Urinary Tract Blockage (Obstruction)

Stones, tumors or strictures can block urine flow. Partial blockage shows frequent, painful urination. A full blockage is life-threatening, with straining, no urine output, lethargy, vomiting, and abdominal enlargement.

4. Bladder Cancer (Transitional Cell Carcinoma)

Though rare (~1% of dog cancers), bladder tumors often cause blood in urine, straining, and frequent urination. Shetland Sheepdogs, Beagles, and Terriers are predisposed. Diagnosis uses urinalysis and imaging; treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, and COX-2 inhibitors.

5. Urinary Incontinence

Loss of bladder control, common in spayed females and older dogs. Caused by sphincter weakness, hormone response, neurologic diseases, or UTI. Presents as dribbling urine, wet bedding, and repeated accidents. Treatments include medications like estriol, behavioral management, and sometimes surgery.

6. Kidney Disease

Although technically not lower urinary, kidney issues cause changes in urination, drinking more, diluted urine, and accidents. Detectable via blood and urine tests; managed through diet and supportive care.

7. Prostate Problems (Males Only)

Intact males can develop prostatitis, benign enlargement or tumors. Signs include straining, blood in the urine, and pain. Diagnosis requires an exam and imaging. Treatment spans antibiotics, castration, or surgery.

8. Parasitic Cystitis (Bladder Worm)

Rarely, Capillaria plica worms infect the bladder, causing inflammation, blood in urine, and urgency. Diagnosed via urine sediment examination and treated with anti-parasitic medications.

🚨 When to See Your Vet Immediately

• No urine production and straining → emergency!
• Blood in the urine or painful urination
• Frequent accidents or incontinence
• Increased drinking, lethargy, vomiting

🔍 Diagnosis & Treatment Overview

• Physical exam, urinalysis, culture, bloodwork
• Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound
• Treat infections with antibiotics
• Stone management: diet, flushing, or surgery
• Incontinence therapy: medications, supplements
• Treat prostate or cancer with meds, surgery, and chemo
• Parasitic infection managed with anthelmintics

📱 Tools to Support Comfort & Care

• Ask A Vet: 24/7 veterinary guidance for urinary or health concerns. 🩺

🎯 Final Thoughts

Urinary issues are common but often manageable—if caught early. Pay attention to changes in urination, appetite, or behavior. Regular exams, diagnostics, and treatment greatly improve outcomes. For sudden or severe signs, seek emergency care. 🐾

For ongoing support and peace of mind, download the Ask A Vet app today. 📲🐶