Vet Guide 2025: Ball Python Care & Health Tips by Dr Duncan Houston 🩺🐍

Hello! I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc and founder of Ask A Vet. In this comprehensive 2025 guide, I’ll cover everything you need to keep your ball python (Python regius) happy and healthy—from housing and feeding to common health issues, behavior, and ethical ownership of morphs. Let’s ensure your python thrives! 🌿

1. Species Profile

Ball pythons are small, non-venomous constrictors native to western and central Africa. Known for their gentle temperament, they’re named after their defensive habit of curling into a tight ball.

• Adult size: 3–5 ft (females larger than males)
• Lifespan: 20–30 years in captivity (up to 40+ with excellent care)
• Temperament: Docile, shy, rarely bite; ideal for beginners

2. Enclosure Setup

2.1 Tank Size

• Juveniles: 20-gallon tank minimum
• Adults: 40-gallon (36" × 18" × 18") or larger

2.2 Heating

• Warm side: 88–92 °F
• Cool side: 75–80 °F
• Use under-tank heaters or heat lamps controlled with a thermostat

2.3 Humidity

• Maintain 50–60%; increase to 70% during shedding
• Use hygrometers to monitor

2.4 Substrate & Decor

• Use cypress mulch, coconut fiber, or paper towels
• Provide two hides (warm/cool), climbing decor, and water bowl large enough for soaking

3. Lighting

Ball pythons are nocturnal and do not require UVB, but a light cycle (12 hrs light / 12 hrs dark) is recommended. If using UVB, choose low-intensity (2–5%) bulbs.

4. Feeding & Nutrition

• Juveniles: Feed every 5–7 days (appropriately sized mice)
• Adults: Feed every 10–14 days (small rats or equivalent)
• Always use thawed, pre-killed prey

Note: Ball pythons are notorious for fasting. As long as weight remains stable, short fasts (especially during winter) are not emergencies.

5. Handling Tips

• Wait 48 hours after feeding before handling
• Support the full body, avoid grabbing the head
• Limit sessions to 10–15 minutes until acclimated

6. Common Health Issues

• Respiratory infections: wheezing, bubbles at nose
• Stomatitis (mouth rot): red, swollen gums
• Mites: visible small black insects, irritation
• Shedding issues: retained eye caps or skin
• Constipation: no feces for 3+ weeks; vet evaluation recommended

7. Morphs: Beauty & Ethics

Over 100 morphs exist—albino, pied, banana, spider, and more. Some are linked to health concerns:

• Spider morph: Associated with "wobble" neurological issues
• Super cinnamon/champagne: High deformity rates in offspring

I strongly advise selecting healthy, ethically bred morphs from responsible breeders.

8. Brumation?

Ball pythons do not require brumation, but some may slow feeding in cooler months. Maintain stable conditions and monitor weight during any seasonal changes.

9. Enrichment & Mental Health

• Offer occasional supervised exploration in safe areas
• Rotate decor every few weeks to stimulate curiosity
• Provide secure hideouts to reduce stress

10. Ask A Vet Support

Need help with a fussy feeder? Unsure about shedding or humidity? The Ask A Vet app gives you 24/7 access to real reptile veterinarians—ready to support your ball python’s long, healthy life. Visit AskAVet.com 🐍📱

11. Summary & Final Thoughts

Ball pythons are fantastic companions for patient, attentive owners. With the right setup, feeding schedule, and veterinary support, these snakes can live for decades—bringing joy, education, and wonder. By choosing ethical morphs and prioritizing wellness, you can be a model keeper in 2025. 🩺

— Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc