Vet Guide 2025: Ear Infections in Reptiles & Amphibians 🩺 by Dr Duncan Houston

Hello! I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc and founder of Ask A Vet. Ear infections—also called aural abscesses or otitis media—in reptiles and amphibians are serious yet treatable conditions. Typically seen in turtles, tortoises, and occasionally lizards, these infections often present as swollen ear membranes filled with thick pus. In this guide, I will cover causes, signs, diagnostic methods, surgical and medical treatment, recovery, and essential husbandry improvements to prevent recurrence.

1. Who Gets Them & What Are They?

In reptiles, particularly chelonians (turtles & tortoises), aural abscesses form when bacteria invade the middle ear, creating a caseous (“cheese-like”) plug under the tympanic membrane :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. Bearded dragons and other lizards can develop outer or middle ear infections, particularly when trauma or unhygienic conditions are present :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

2. Common Causes

• Ascending bacterial infections from contaminated water—common in aquatic turtles :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Trauma to the ear membrane from substrate, fights, or scratching :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Vitamin A deficiency weakens membranes and predisposes to infection :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Poor hygiene and hydration encourage bacterial growth :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.

3. Recognizing the Signs

• Soft swelling or bulging behind the jaw/ear area :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Visible yellowish or cheesy pus pressing on ear membrane :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Pain on mouth opening, reluctant feeding :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Head tilting, balance issues, rubbing head on surfaces :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Eye swelling or conjunctivitis associated with adjacent infection :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.

4. Diagnostic Approach

• Physical examination: palpation reveals firm swelling; assess membrane integrity.
• Cytology & culture: aspiration of pus for pathogen identification and antibiotic sensitivity :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Bloodwork: to assess overall health and inflammation.
• Imaging: X-ray or CT helps define membrane bulging or underlying infection :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.

5. Treatment Strategies

5.1 Surgical Flushing & Abscess Removal

Surgery is the cornerstone: under anesthesia, the ear drum is incised, the abscess removed, and the middle ear flushed with saline or antimicrobial solution :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}. Ensuring patency of the Eustachian tube prevents recurrence :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.

5.2 Medical Management

• Systemic antibiotics: based on culture or broad‑spectrum (e.g. ceftazidime, enrofloxacin) :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Topical antibiotic ointments: applied daily post-op for several weeks :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Vitamin A supplementation: when diet is deficient :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.
• Pain relief: NSAIDs prescribed to improve comfort and feeding.

5.3 Postoperative Care

• Owners flush the area daily with saline and reapply topical ointment as guided.
• Monitor for recurrence of discharge, swelling, appetite, and head posture.
• Follow-up vet visits and imaging confirm healing.

6. Prognosis

Survival rates are excellent with complete abscess removal and appropriate antibiotics. Delayed or incomplete treatment can lead to deeper infections, jaw involvement, or recurrence :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.

7. Prevention & Husbandry Improvements

• Maintain clean water and enclosures—daily and weekly disinfecting.
• Correct diets with UVB exposure ensure adequate Vitamin A.
• Avoid abrasive substrates and overcrowding to prevent trauma.
• Quarantine new or sick individuals to limit spread.

8. When to Use Ask A Vet 🩺

If you notice ear swelling, discharge, head tilt, reduced appetite, or unusual behavior, contact Ask A Vet. Send photos, videos, imaging, and husbandry details through our app. We’ll guide you with treatment planning—including antibiotic selection, flushing technique, pain management, and follow-up care. Available 24/7 at AskAVet.com 📱

9. Final Thoughts

Ear infections in reptiles and amphibians are complex but treatable. With timely surgical intervention, proper medications, and improved habitat conditions, most animals recover fully and avoid recurrence. In 2025, combining expert veterinary care with Ask A Vet support ensures your pet thrives and stays safe. 🩺🌿

— Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc