Vet Guide 2025: First Aid for Seizures & Convulsions in Dogs 🧠🚑

Hello, caring pet parents! I’m Dr Duncan Houston. Seeing your dog have a seizure is scary—but understanding what’s happening and how to respond calmly can make all the difference. In this 2025 first aid guide, I’ll show you exactly what to do (and what NOT to do), signs of emergency, and how to safely support your dog post-seizure. 🐾

What Is a Seizure?

A seizure is a sudden, involuntary event caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Your dog may collapse, paddle their legs, drool, lose bladder control, or appear unconscious. Seizures can be full-body or focal (e.g., facial twitching only).

Common Symptoms of Seizures

• Collapse with stiff or twitching limbs
• Jaw chomping or foaming at the mouth
• Loss of consciousness or awareness
• Urination or defecation during the episode
• Post-seizure confusion, pacing, or blindness (post-ictal phase)

What Causes Seizures in Dogs?

Seizures can have many causes, including:

• Epilepsy (primary seizures)
• Low blood sugar (especially in toy breeds or diabetics)
• Liver disease or portosystemic shunt
• Brain tumors (more common in older dogs)
• Infections (distemper, Toxoplasma, Neospora)
• Toxin ingestion (e.g., chocolate, xylitol, rodenticides)

What to Do During a Seizure ✅

Stay calm and follow these steps:

• Time the seizure: If it lasts more than 3–5 minutes, it’s an emergency.
• Protect your pet: Clear the area to prevent injury. Cushion their head with a towel.
• Do not restrain them: Let the seizure run its course.
• Prevent drowning: Keep away from stairs, pools, or high surfaces.
• After the seizure: Your dog may seem confused—speak softly and give them space to recover.

When Is It an Emergency? 🚨

• Seizure lasts longer than 3–5 minutes
• 2 or more seizures in 24 hours (cluster seizures)
• Dog is unconscious and not breathing—begin CPR
• Vomiting, pale gums, or unable to walk after recovery

Call your veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately in these situations.

Special Note for Toy Breeds & Diabetics

If your toy breed or diabetic dog is seizing:

• Rub a small amount of honey or syrup on their gums (ONLY if safe)
• Do NOT force anything into their mouth—use caution
• Seek emergency vet care immediately

What NOT to Do ❌

• 🚫 Don’t put your hands near the mouth—your dog won’t swallow their tongue but could accidentally bite you
• 🚫 Don’t try to “snap them out of it” with loud sounds or water
• 🚫 Don’t give any meds unless directed by a vet

Post-Seizure Care

Once the seizure ends:

• Allow your dog to rest in a quiet, dim space
• Offer water and comfort when they’re more alert
• Log the event: date, duration, symptoms, and recovery time
• Call your vet to report the episode and get advice

Veterinary Evaluation

Your vet may recommend blood work, urinalysis, or advanced imaging to find the cause. Treatment may include:

• Anti-seizure meds (e.g., phenobarbital, levetiracetam)
• Dietary changes
• Ongoing monitoring and adjustments

Seizure Log Tips 📒

Keep a seizure diary noting:

• Date and time
• Duration
• Trigger (if known)
• Recovery time
• Video (if safe to capture)

Ask A Vet Support 🐾📱

Need quick help or tracking support?

• 🧠 Review video footage with a vet
• 📝 Get help setting up seizure logs and medication schedules
• 💬 Discuss dietary options and emergency first aid kits

Visit Ask A Vet or download our app for 24/7 access to licensed veterinarians.

Conclusion

Seizures can be scary—but you’re not alone. With calm handling, emergency awareness, and veterinary care, your dog can live a safe and happy life. Keep this guide bookmarked and prepare ahead so you can act fast and confidently when it matters most. 🐶💖

Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc