Vet Guide 2025: Tackling External Parasites on Reptiles 🦎 by Dr Duncan Houston 🩺

Hello! I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc and founder of Ask A Vet. Reptile parasites—mites, ticks, and biting flies—are more than just itchy annoyances. They carry disease, stress your pet, and can lead to serious health issues. In this thorough 2025 guide, I’ll help you understand how to detect, treat, and prevent external parasites, with protocols that protect both your reptile’s health and your home.

1. What Are External Parasites?

“External parasites” in reptiles include:

• Mites: tiny, spider-like arachnids that feed on blood.
• Ticks: attach themselves and can transmit serious pathogens.
• Biting flies & midges: cause localized wounds and irritation.

These parasites can affect skin, appetite, behavior, and overall wellness.

2. Why They Matter

• Blood loss & anemia: heavy mite or tick presence can weaken your reptile.
• Disease risk: parasites transmit bacteria, viruses, and blood-borne disorders.
• Skin damage: leading to secondary infections and shedding issues.
• Stress & behavior changes: constant irritation reduces appetite and energy.

3. Identifying Parasite Infestation

• Visible small insects moving on skin or in cage substrate
• Restlessness, soaking, frequent rubbing against hides
• Patchy skin spots, shedding irregularities, scabs or discoloration
• Unexplained weight loss or lethargy

Use a magnifier to inspect folds, vent area, eye rims, and skin crevices.

4. Safe Treatment Protocols

4.1 Vet-Approved Topical & Environmental Treatments

• Reptile-safe acaricides: prescribed drops, sprays, or ointments (e.g., permethrin-free options).
• Tank-wide treatment: foggers or cage sprays to eliminate all life stages.
• Environmental control: heat-treatment of furnishings and substrate followed by thorough cleaning.

4.2 Manual Removal

• Use cotton swabs soaked in diluted isopropyl alcohol or reptile-safe oil to remove mites.
• Tick removal tools with fine tip forceps ensure full mouthpart removal (avoid squeezing body).

4.3 Shedding & Skin Care

• Provide slightly higher humidity and soaking to support healthy ecdysis.
• Monitor shedding closely—rest retained nasal or tail pieces may harbor mites.

5. Skull-Crack Protocol (In-clinic care)

• General anesthesia may be needed for thorough skin & vent cleaning.
• Scrubbing and antiseptic baths remove embedded parasites.
• Systemic antibiotics given if parasitic irritation led to infection or anemia.

6. Habitat Decontamination

• Disinfect tanks, décor, hides, and accessories with reptile-safe solutions.
• Replace all substrates; wash all items in hot water or steam for at least 10 minutes.
• Dispose or treat filtration media and replace with clean materials.
• Repeat disinfection after 7–10 days to eliminate new hatchlings.

7. Preventive Hygiene Measures

• Quarantine all new reptiles for at least 60 days; treat even if asymptomatic.
• Use protective gloves, dedicated cleaning tools, and regularly disinfect before and after cleaning.
• Maintain cage temperatures above 80 °F—mites fail to thrive over ~75 °F.
• Adopt strict hygiene between different enclosures to avoid cross-contamination.

8. When to Contact Your Vet

• Visible parasites despite cleaning or treatment.
• Lethargy, pale mucous membranes, or weight loss—possible anemia.
• Skin lesions, persistent difficulty shedding, or secondary bacterial infections.
• Ticks in unusual body locations or heavy infestation.

Comprehensive physical exam, skin scrapings, and blood tests may be required to check overall health status.

9. Ask A Vet Support

If your reptile shows signs of infection or parasites—or you need help designing a safe treatment process—use the Ask A Vet app. Share cage videos, skin screenshots, and treatment logs with reptile-experienced vets for custom guidance. Visit AskAVet.com 📱

10. Final Thoughts

External parasites compromise reptile health through irritation, disease spread, stress, anemia, and skin damage. In 2025, prompt detection, vet-supported topical or systemic therapies, and thorough habitat hygiene are essential. With awareness, proper protocols, and Ask A Vet’s expertise, you can keep your reptile safe, comfortable, and thriving. 🩺🌿

— Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc