Vet Guide to Adequan (PSGAG) in 2025 🐾

Hi, I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc—vet and founder of Ask A Vet. In this in-depth 2025 guide, we’ll cover everything about Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan): FDA-approved uses, dosing schedules for dogs & horses, side effects, off-label veterinary options, and strategies for veterinary monitoring and administration. Let’s dive in! 💉

📘 What Is Adequan (PSGAG)?

Adequan is an injectable form of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), a cartilage-supporting molecule. Approved for dogs and horses, it’s unique as an FDA-registered disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

• Restores cartilage by combining with existing glycosaminoglycans and stimulating collagen and synovial fluid production :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Blocks cartilage-degrading enzymes and reduces joint inflammation :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
• Contains 100 mg/mL PSGAG in a sterile injectable solution :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

✅ Veterinary Uses in 2025

🐶 Dogs

Indicated for non-inflammatory degenerative or traumatic arthritis—early intervention preserves joint function :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

🐴 Horses

Used IM for degenerative joint disease and synovitis—especially in performance and sport horses :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.

🐱 Off-label in Cats & Others

Occasionally used off-label in cats and rabbits for osteoarthritis, often intra-articularly, but with variable success :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.

📐 Dosage & Administration

Dogs (Label Protocol)

• 2 mg/lb (4.4 mg/kg) IM twice weekly for 4 weeks (max 8 injections) :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
• A dose chart helps determine volume per weight (e.g., 1 mL per 50 lb) :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
• Typically improvement is seen after ~4 injections; effects last ~3 days in joints :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}

Horses (1‑4‑7 Protocol)

• 500 mg IM on days 1, 4, and 7 (total 3 injections) :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}
• Supplements joint HA and improves flexion ~50–70% after full series :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}
• Repeat courses based on clinical signs :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}

Administration Tips

• Prefer IM inject—common sites: quadriceps, triceps, hamstrings :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}
• Draw doses using aseptic technique—sterile needles, disinfect vial stopper, single-use only :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}
• Vial puncture limit: 10 times; use within 28 days :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}
• Never mix with other drugs or dilute :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}

🛑 Side Effects & Warnings

• Injection site pain/swelling, transient diarrhea or vomiting—mild and rare (~2 %) :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}
• May affect bleeding (nosebleeds, GI bleeding) in those predisposed :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}
• Pepidural elevations in liver/kidney function seen only at high overdose levels :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}
• Rare seizures and behavioral change reports—monitor if observed :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}
• Contraindicated if allergic to PSGAG, with bleeding disorders, or suspected joint infection :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}
• Use caution in renal/hepatic disease; unknown safety in breeding, pregnant, lactating animals :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}

📆 Monitoring & Follow-Up

• Evaluate mobility and comfort during/after therapy
• For dogs: routine blood tests (CBC, kidney/liver panels, clotting) :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}
• For horses: track lameness scores, flexion, and joint effusion :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}
• Monitor injection site for swelling, heat, or pain :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}

🚨 Overdose & Emergency Guidance

Overdose rare (LD₅₀ > 1000 mg/kg IM) :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}. Signs may include excessive bleeding, liver/kidney injury, injection site inflammation. If suspected, seek emergency vet and contact poison hotline (855‑764‑7661).

🔐 Storage & Handling

• Store 68–77 °F (20–25 °C); short excursions 59–86 °F acceptable :contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}
• Keep away from light; do not freeze or expose above 104 °F for long :contentReference[oaicite:31]{index=31}
• Dispose of needles per local regulations, keep away from children/pets

📋 Ideal Treatment Workflow

1. Diagnose arthritis via exam/imaging
2. Initiate Adequan IM per protocol
3. Combine with NSAIDs, weight control, physical therapy, supplements
4. Reassess each month, consider repeat course as needed
5. Adjust based on blood work or side effects

🏆 Real-World Scenarios

🐕 Senior Dog with Early Osteoarthritis

• Administer Adequan twice weekly for 4 weeks
• Monitor joint comfort, transition to monthly booster doses
• Add joint supplement (e.g., glucosamine/chondroitin), weight and activity management

🐎 Performance Horse with Carpal Lameness

• Start 1‑4‑7 Adequan series
• Monitor hoof and flexion scores; integrate rehab and controlled exercise
• Repeat as lameness signs recur

❓ FAQ Highlights

Is Adequan a steroid?

No—it’s a chondroprotective agent, not a glucocorticoid, and doesn’t carry steroid-associated systemic side effects :contentReference[oaicite:32]{index=32}.

How quickly does it work?

Joint-level absorption within 2 hrs, lasting ~96 hours in tissues. Clinical improvements often observed after 3–4 doses :contentReference[oaicite:33]{index=33}.

Can cats use it?

Occasionally used intra-articularly off-label, but efficacy and safety are variable—consult your vet :contentReference[oaicite:34]{index=34}.

📌 Final Takeaways

• Adequan is a proven DMOAD for dogs + horses, boosting joint health and mobility.
• Safe when used per protocol; side effects are rare and mild.
• Essential to administer correctly IM, store properly, and monitor.
• Ideal as part of multimodal joint care—NSAIDs, weight, exercise.
• Ask A Vet is here to guide protocol design, injection technique, and monitoring support via our app and Woopf/Purrz services.

Need help setting up a joint health plan for your pet or horse? Download the Ask A Vet app and access live veterinary guidance on dosing, injections, and integrative care anytime. 🐶🐴❤️