Vet Guide to Meningioma in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Treatment & Prognosis in 2025 🐾🧠

By Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc

As a veterinarian with years of experience, I understand how distressing it can be to learn that your beloved pet has a brain tumor. Meningioma, the most common brain tumor in dogs and cats, presents unique challenges and considerations. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the nature of meningiomas, their symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and what to expect in terms of prognosis in 2025.

Understanding Meningioma 🧠

Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the meninges—the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. While typically benign, their growth can exert pressure on the brain, leading to various neurological symptoms.

Prevalence in Pets

• 🐶 Dogs: Account for approximately 50% of primary brain tumors.
• 🐱 Cats: Represent up to 85% of primary brain tumors.

These tumors are more commonly diagnosed in older pets, with dogs over seven years and cats over ten years being most susceptible.

Symptoms to Watch For 🔍

Recognizing the signs of meningioma early can lead to more effective management.

In Dogs 🐶

• Seizures
• Behavioral changes
• Circling or pacing
• Vision loss
• Uncoordinated movements

In Cats 🐱

• Lethargy
• Changes in behavior
• Loss of appetite
• Disorientation
• Unsteady gait

It's important to note that symptoms can vary depending on the tumor's location in the brain.

Diagnostic Procedures 🩺

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.

Initial Assessments

• Comprehensive physical and neurological examination
• Blood tests and urinalysis to assess overall health
• Chest radiographs to check for metastasis

Advanced Imaging

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Preferred for detailed brain imaging.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Useful when MRI is unavailable.

These imaging techniques help determine the tumor's size, location, and potential impact on surrounding brain structures.

Treatment Options 💊🛠️

Treatment plans are tailored based on the pet's overall health, tumor characteristics, and owner preferences.

Medical Management

• Prednisone: A corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and cerebral edema.
• Anticonvulsants: Medications like phenobarbital to control seizures.

While medical management doesn't eliminate the tumor, it can improve quality of life and manage symptoms.

Surgical Intervention

Surgery aims to remove the tumor and alleviate pressure on the brain.

• In Cats: Meningiomas are often well-encapsulated, making surgical removal more straightforward.
• In Dogs: Tumors may be more invasive, posing challenges for complete excision.

Advanced surgical tools, such as ultrasonic aspirators, have improved outcomes by minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery to target residual tumor cells.

• Fractionated Radiation Therapy: Administered over multiple sessions to minimize side effects.
• Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Delivers a high dose of radiation precisely to the tumor in fewer sessions.

Emerging Therapies

Innovative treatments are being explored to enhance outcomes.

• Immunotherapy: Stimulates the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells.
• Chemotherapy: Limited efficacy due to the blood-brain barrier but may be considered in certain cases.

Prognosis and Life Expectancy 📈

Prognosis varies based on several factors, including tumor size, location, and treatment approach.

Dogs

• Medical Management Alone: Median survival of 3-6 months.
• Surgery: Median survival of approximately 12 months.
• Surgery + Radiation: Median survival extends to 18-24 months.

Cats

• Surgery Alone: Median survival of 2-3 years, with some cats living beyond 5 years.
• Recurrence: Occurs in about 20% of cases within 2 years.

Early detection and intervention are key to improving outcomes.

Supporting Your Pet Through Treatment 🐾❤️

Caring for a pet with meningioma involves a holistic approach.

• Maintain a consistent routine to reduce stress.
• Provide a safe and comfortable environment.
• Monitor for changes in behavior or symptoms.
• Administer medications as prescribed.
• Attend all follow-up appointments for ongoing assessment.

Emotional support and patience are vital components of your pet's care journey.

Conclusion 📝

Meningioma in dogs and cats, while serious, is a manageable condition with appropriate veterinary care. Advances in diagnostics and treatment have significantly improved the quality of life and survival rates for affected pets. Collaborating closely with your veterinarian ensures the best possible outcome for your furry companion.

For personalized guidance and support, consider reaching out through Ask A Vet or downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our team is here to assist you every step of the way. 🐶🐱💖