🧼 Vet-Recommended 2025 Guide to Pastern Dermatitis in Horses: Causes, Care, and Prevention 🐴🌿

Author: Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc

Pastern dermatitis—also known as scratches or mud fever—is a common but painful skin condition in horses that affects the lower limbs, especially the back of the pastern and sometimes extending to the cannon bone. While it goes by many names, its impact on equine comfort and performance is universal. In this 2025 veterinary guide, we break down the latest best practices for identifying, treating, and preventing this irritating skin disease. 🐎🧬

🔍 What Is Pastern Dermatitis?

Pastern dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition that occurs most commonly on the back of the pastern but may also appear higher up on the lower legs. It presents as:

• 🩹 Painful scabs and crusts
• 🔴 Inflamed skin beneath the scabs
• 🕵️ Small, firm bumps on palpation

This condition can cause discomfort, swelling, lameness, and, if untreated, secondary infections that are more difficult to manage. 🎯

🌱 Common Causes of Pastern Dermatitis

Though pastern dermatitis may seem straightforward, the underlying causes can vary widely. According to veterinary experience, the most frequent triggers in 2025 include:

• 🦟 Allergic reactions to insects (especially mosquitoes and midges)
• 💦 Wet environments or frequent exposure to mud
• 🌿 Irritating plant matter or bedding
• 🧬 Bacterial and fungal infections
• 🐜 Parasites such as mites

Regardless of the origin, irritation to the skin often leads to a compromised barrier, infection, and the development of painful scabs. 🦠🩹

🧪 Identifying the Condition

Pastern dermatitis typically starts with mild inflammation but can quickly escalate. Key signs include:

• 📍 Red or tender skin in the pastern or cannon area
• 🧱 Hard, crusty scabs that are painful to the touch
• 🧼 Discharge or oozing under the scabs
• 😟 Lameness or reluctance to move due to pain

Note: Always consult a veterinarian for a full diagnosis, especially if the infection is spreading or worsening. 💉

🛠️ Step-by-Step Treatment for Pastern Dermatitis

1️⃣ Hair Removal

Trim away all long or matted hair around the lesion using clippers. This reduces moisture retention and improves access to the affected skin. ✂️

2️⃣ Soak and Soften Scabs

Use an antibacterial shampoo—such as one containing chlorhexidine—and lather the area generously. Leave the lather in place for about 15 minutes to soften the scabs. 🧼🕒

3️⃣ Scab Removal

Once softened, gently remove the scabs using gloved fingers or a soft cloth. Because this can be extremely painful, sedation may be required for some horses. 🩺

4️⃣ Apply Medication

After cleaning, apply a topical ointment containing both an antibiotic and a steroid to fight infection and reduce inflammation.

• 🧴 Use products with ingredients like chlorhexidine, neomycin, or hydrocortisone.

5️⃣ Oral Antibiotics (If Needed)

If the infection is severe or systemic symptoms are present, a vet may prescribe oral antibiotics. 💊

6️⃣ Repeating the Process

Repeat the antibacterial shampooing and ointment application daily or every other day until the condition resolves. 🔁

🚫 What Not to Do

• ❌ Do not pull off scabs without softening them first—this causes trauma.
• ❌ Avoid wrapping the area unless instructed—it may trap moisture.
• ❌ Don’t delay treatment—scratches can escalate rapidly. ⏱️

🛡️ Prevention Tips for 2025

Preventing pastern dermatitis is often easier than curing it. Consider the following vet-approved strategies:

• 🌧️ Keep legs dry during wet seasons—use turnout boots if needed.
• 🧽 Rinse and dry legs after riding or turnout in wet grass or mud.
• 🦟 Use insect repellents and fly control during mosquito season.
• 🌿 Maintain clean bedding and avoid irritants like harsh straw.
• 🔍 Monitor regularly for early signs during grooming.

💬 Vet Advice from Dr Duncan Houston

"The earlier you catch and treat pastern dermatitis, the faster your horse recovers. Daily leg checks, proper grooming, and fly control go a long way in prevention." 🐴🩺

📦 Choosing the Right Products

Look for vet-formulated shampoos and ointments that specifically target both bacteria and fungi. In 2025, popular options include:

• 🧴 Chlorhexidine-based medicated shampoos
• 🧪 Dual-action topical ointments (antibacterial + anti-inflammatory)
• 🛡️ Barrier creams to prevent moisture penetration

Always choose products approved for equine use and consult your vet for personalized recommendations. 📋

🔚 Final Word: Healthy Pasterns, Happy Horses

Pastern dermatitis may be a nuisance, but it's manageable with the right care and vigilance. By understanding the causes, using effective treatments, and implementing preventative strategies, you can help your horse stay comfortable and infection-free. 🐎❤️

Need quick access to expert help? Visit AskAVet.com or download the Ask A Vet app today for 24/7 vet support. Your horse deserves the best! 📱👨‍⚕️