⚠️ Vet’s 2025 Guide to Common Horse Behavior Issues

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

1. Understanding Behavior—and When to Worry

Horse behavior ranges from instinctive reactions to stress responses and learned habits. While many are harmless, others—like aggression, stereotypies, or headshaking—can signal pain or anxiety. Spotting early signs is vital for your horse’s health and safety. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}

2. Aggression Towards Humans or Horses

• Manifestations: ear pinning, biting, kicking, charging. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Causes: pain, fear, social dominance, or learned responses.
• Management: Check for physical discomfort, establish clear boundaries, use consistent training, and manage group turn-out carefully.

3. Fear & Spookiness

• Typical signs: sudden jumps, wide eyes, rapid breathing. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
• Triggers: new stimuli, poor vision, saddle discomfort, or rider tension.
• Help: Desensitization with positive reinforcement, improve tack fit, address pain, and build trust via groundwork.

4. Stereotypies & Stable Vices

Stereotypies—repetitive, purposeless behaviors—are common signs of stress or confinement. They include:

• Cribbing/windsucking: Grasping and sucking air; often linked to stress, ulcers, or confinement. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
• Weaving: Rocking side-to-side; often linked to stall confinement. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
• Stall-walking, pawing, wall-kicking: Frustration behaviors arising from boredom or lack of turnout. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}

Management: Increase turnout, offer hay, provide companions, use environmental enrichment, and address underlying pain or ulcers. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

5. Headshaking Syndrome

Signs include sudden vertical/horizontal head flicking accompanied by nasal irritation, often during exercise. :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}

Likely causes: trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity, often affecting geldings aged 6–10. Manage with sedation, nose nets, and veterinary pain control.

6. Rearing & Bucking

• Often signals pain, fear, confusion, or faulty training. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
• Highly dangerous. Requires veterinary check for lameness, saddle fit, dental issues, then retraining with a qualified professional.

7. Chomping, Stallions, & Other Issues

• Sexifiable behavior: stallions may spar, mares in heat behave moody; geldings generally more predictable. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}
• Other vices: wood-chewing, head-bobbing, digging—often boredom or discomfort. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}

8. The Pain–Behavior Connection

Pain is a leading cause of undesirable behaviors—lameness, dental pain, ulcers, or saddle pressure may manifest as aggression, bucking, spookiness, or vices. Always rule out physical causes first. :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}

9. Recognizing Subtle Signs

• Ears back but no aggression—often signaling pain.
• Pawing, sweating, head tossing—watch for subtle stress cues. :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}

10. Training-Based Misbehavior

Young or under-trained horses may resist cues, refuse gates, or pull away. The key: fair leadership, consistency, progressive positively reinforced groundwork, and education focused on safety and trust. :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}

11. Three‑Step Behavior Fix Protocol

1. Assess: Rule out medical issues (lameness, ulcers, dental, saddle-fit).
2. Manage: Environmental changes—turnout, forage, companionship, pain control.
3. Train: Use positive reinforcement, desensitization, structured groundwork, and expert guidance for dangerous issues.

12. Ask A Vet Support 🩺

At Ask A Vet, we provide:

• Video/photo behavior analysis
• Referrals for lameness, dental, tack-fit issues
• Groundwork & desensitization support
• Stress reduction planning & stable enrichment advice
• Guidance for managing headshaking, stereotypies, and aggression

Download the Ask A Vet app now for personalized behavior solutions and improved horse welfare in 2025 and beyond! ❤️

13. Quick Reference Table

14. Final Thoughts

Behavior problems often signal unmet needs—physical discomfort, mental stress, or confusion. Early veterinary assessments, enriched environments, consistent training, and expert telehealth support help transform these issues into partnership and well-being. Trust Ask A Vet to be your guide in 2025 and beyond.