🐴 Vet’s 2025 Guide to Equine Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

1. What Is Ringworm?

Despite its misleading name, “ringworm” is a fungal infection—*dermatophytosis*—not caused by worms. In horses, it's most commonly caused by Trichophyton equinum and T. mentagrophytes​ :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. These fungi invade skin and hair, causing circular patches of scaly, hairless lesions.

2. Why It Matters

Ringworm is highly contagious and zoonotic—it can spread between horses, to humans, and other animals. Lesions often appear in saddle, girth, or tack-rub sites and may impair training, turnout, and competition participation due to biosecurity risks :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

3. Who's Most at Risk?

• Young, old, or immunocompromised horses—less effective immune response :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Skin trauma like tack rubs or scratches—entry points for fungi :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Contaminated environments—tack, barn surfaces, grooming tools offer fungal reservoirs for months :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

4. How Ringworm Spreads

Spores spread via direct contact (horse-to-horse grooming) or indirect contact (contaminated grooming equipment, tack, bedding, stalls) :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}. Spores can remain viable for months or longer in the environment.

5. Clinical Signs

• Small raised tufts of hair, 1–2 cm in diameter
• Hair loss with underlying silvery, scaly skin :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}
• Ring-shaped patches—but may vary in shape :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
• Crusting, mild irritation, rarely intense itching :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

6. Diagnosing Ringworm

Veterinary diagnosis typically includes:

• Clinical examination—pattern, lesion shape, distribution.
• Microscopy of hairs and scales for fungal spores :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Fungal culture to confirm species :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Biopsy or further testing to rule out similar conditions.

7. Treatment Options

7.1 Topical Therapies

• Twice-weekly lime sulfur dips (1:16 dilution) for full-body treatment :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Antifungal shampoos (miconazole/chlorhexidine) :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
• Daily spot washes with chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.

7.2 Environmental Decontamination

• Isolate affected horses until lesions resolve and cultures are negative :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.
• Disinfect tack, grooming tools, and stall surfaces with diluted bleach or virkon :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Discard contaminated bedding and clean stalls thoroughly :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Manage environment to avoid reinfection.

7.3 Systemic Treatment

Oral antifungals like griseofulvin are FDA-approved but typically reserved for severe or extensive cases due to cost and risk of side effects :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.

8. Duration of Treatment

Topical therapy continues for 3–8 weeks—or until two negative fungal cultures are achieved. Untreated, lesions may self-resolve in 6–12 weeks :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.

9. Prevention Strategies

• Quarantine new arrivals for at least 2–3 weeks :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Use horse-specific tack and grooming kits.
• Disinfect shared equipment routinely.
• Monitor early skin changes, especially in young/immunocompromised horses.
• Maintain clean living environments free of debris and dampness.

10. Zoonotic Risk & Public Health

Ringworm from horses can infect humans. Owners should wear gloves, wash hands after handling, and clean contaminated areas to reduce transmission—especially when horses are in active treatment phases :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.

11. Common Pitfalls & Mistakes

• Stopping treatment too soon—leads to relapse or reinfection.
• Neglecting environmental decontamination.
• Misidentifying lesions as rain rot, bumps, sarcoids—always confirm with culture or microscopy :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Sharing gear before full clearance of infection.

12. Case Study: “Shadow’s Lesions”

“Shadow,” a 4-year-old gelding, returned from a show with raised fur tufts. Diagnosis was confirmed by culture. A treatment plan involving full-body lime sulfur dips every 3 days, tack disinfection, and environmental cleaning led to lesion resolution in 4 weeks. Return to competition was delayed until two negative cultures were achieved.

13. Ask A Vet Support 🩺

At Ask A Vet, we provide tailored protocols—from diagnosis and topical treatment guidance to environmental decontamination and zoonotic safety. Use our app anytime to ensure a swift, contamination-free convalescence!

14. Quick Reference Table

15. Final Thoughts

Equine ringworm is common but manageable. Early detection, consistent topical therapy, and environmental control help horses return to healthy, comfortable coats. For expert diagnosis, treatment plans, and ongoing support, rely on Ask A Vet and our 24/7 telehealth service. Download the Ask A Vet app and partner with us for confident, proactive care in 2025! ❤️