Veterinary 2025 Guide: Phenoxybenzamine for Feline & Canine Urinary & Hypertension Management 🐾🩺

Hello, I’m Dr Duncan Houston BVSc—this 2025 guide covers phenoxybenzamine, an alpha‑adrenergic blocker used off‑label in cats and dogs to relax urethral sphincter muscles during urinary obstruction and to control hypertension from pheochromocytoma. You'll learn how it works, proper dosing, side effects, drug interactions, monitoring advice, and owner education supported by Ask A Vet tools 😊.

🔎 1. What Is Phenoxybenzamine?

Phenoxybenzamine is an irreversible non‑selective alpha‑adrenergic antagonist that relaxes smooth muscle—particularly in the urethra and blood vessels :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. It was developed for human hypertension (brand: Dibenzyline®) but is used off‑label in veterinary medicine :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.

🎯 2. Indications & Off‑Label Use

• Feline urethral obstruction: Relaxes internal urethral sphincter post-catheterization to support urine flow :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Pheochromocytoma hypertension: Manages blood pressure before and during pheochromocytoma surgery :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Occasional use in dogs: Like cats, relaxes the urethra post-obstruction :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

💊 3. Dosing & Administration

• Cats: Typically 2.5–7.5 mg total, once or twice daily :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• Dogs: Commonly 5–20 mg total per dose, given once or twice daily :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Administer with or without food; use with food if GI upset occurs :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Missed dose? Give when remembered unless close to next—do **not** double up :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.

⏱️ 4. Onset & Duration

Effects begin in 1–2 days, with lasting alpha-blockade due to permanent receptor binding—can produce sustained physiologic effects :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.

⚠️ 5. Side Effects & Precautions

• Hypotension with weakness, dizziness, syncope :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Tachycardia and nasal congestion :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• GI upset—nausea and vomiting common :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
• Miosis, increased intraocular pressure—caution in glaucoma :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• Contraindicated in hypotension, dehydration, shock, glaucoma, diabetes, significant heart or kidney disease—and in horses with colic :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.

📄 6. Drug Interactions

• Avoid co-administration with epinephrine/phenylephrine—may antagonize or exaggerate responses :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.

🩺 7. Monitoring & Follow‑Up

• Monitor blood pressure and urine flow in urethral obstruction cases :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Monitor heart rate, hydration, and systemic signs (dizziness, weakness).
• Adjust dose carefully; tapering may be needed to prevent rebound hypertension :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.

📝 8. Client Education & Home Care

• Explain off-label use and its purpose—urethral relaxation or blood pressure control.
• Show proper oral administration and stress taking with food if upset occurs.
• Review signs of hypotension or GI distress; instruct to contact vet if seen.
• Remind owners not to double dose and to store away from children/pets.
• Recommend using Ask A Vet app for dose reminders, symptom tracking, and instant vet messaging 😊.

📌 9. 2025 Vet Takeaways

• Phenoxybenzamine is a valuable alpha-blocker for urethral obstruction and pheochromocytoma hypertension in cats and dogs.
• Administer 2.5–7.5 mg (cats) or 5–20 mg (dogs) BID as prescribed; monitor BP and urinary function.
• Be aware of hypotension risk—watch for weakness, tachycardia, and nasal congestion.
• Caution in patients with glaucoma, heart or kidney disease, or diabetes.
• Support owners with education and digital tools to ensure safe home use 😊.

At Ask A Vet, we provide medication reminders, blood pressure/lab logs, side‑effect alerts, and 24/7 vet messaging to enhance safe and effective phenoxybenzamine therapy. Encourage owners to download our app for better outcomes ❤️