Yeast Infections in Birds 2025 🐦 | Vet Guide by Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Yeast infections—also called candidiasis, thrush, sour crop, or crop mycosis—are common opportunistic diseases in pet and poultry birds. In this 2025 veterinary guide, I explain how to recognize, diagnose, treat, and prevent yeast overgrowth to keep your bird healthy and thriving. 😊

1. ✅ What Are Yeast Infections?

Candida albicans normally lives in the bird's digestive tract and crop. When immunity is low—due to stress, poor diet, antibiotics, or other illnesses—yeast can overgrow. Another pathogen, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (avian gastric yeast), also causes chronic weight loss and digestive issues :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

2. 🧩 Common Symptoms & Signs

• White plaques or thick membranes in the mouth, throat, or crop; may ulcerate :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Lethargy, fluffed feathers, reduced appetite, poor growth in young birds :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Regurgitation, vomiting, gas, or crop stasis—crop may feel doughy or distended :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Diarrhea with undigested food; greasy droppings; cloacal itching :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Nasal discharge or respiratory signs if infection spreads :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.

3. ⚠️ Why It Happens

• Weakened immunity from stress, malnutrition, viral illness, or antibiotics :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
• Poor hygiene—dirty feeders, damp bedding, contaminated water :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• If feeding diluted formula or food with added sugar, yeast may thrive :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.

4. 🔍 Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically includes:

• Physical exam with mouth/crop inspection :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Crop swab or droppings examined under microscope (Gram stain, culture) :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• PCR or fungal culture to confirm Candida vs other yeasts :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.

5. 🩺 Treatment Options

• Oral or injectable antifungals: nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.
• Chlorhexidine gluconate rinses for crop or mouth :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• In severe crop stasis, a motility provider (e.g., metoclopramide) may help :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.
• Treat avian gastric yeast with amphotericin B over several days :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Supportive care: fluid therapy, crop flushing, force-feeding if needed.
• In mild cases, apple cider vinegar drops may inhibit yeast—only under vet guidance :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.

6. 🕰️ Recovery & Prognosis

Most birds fully recover in 1–3 weeks with treatment :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}. Some may relapse, especially if underlying factors aren’t addressed :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}. Crop motility issues may persist, requiring long-term dietary adjustment or medication.

7. 🛡️ Prevention Strategies

• Balanced diet—pellets or seed formulated with fresh veggies; avoid excess sugar/fruits :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.
• Clean cage, feeders, waterers weekly; deeply disinfect monthly :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.
• Quarantine new birds for ≥30 days before introducing :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.
• Avoid unnecessary antibiotics and reduce stress (stable routine, enrichment).

8. 📊 Quick Symptom Table

9. 🩻 When to Contact a Vet

• Persistent regurgitation or crop stasis.
• Weight loss or appetite decrease.
• Visible lesions or oral discomfort.
• Signs of dehydration or poor quality droppings.
• Young chicks or immunocompromised birds.

Prompt intervention prevents severe complications—don’t wait.

10. 🧡 Final Thoughts

Yeast infections are treatable but require vigilance—watch for early signs, maintain good hygiene, and strengthen your bird’s health foundation. With veterinary care and supportive husbandry, most birds recover fully and remain healthy. 🐥

— Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

👉 Visit AskAVet.com or download the Ask A Vet app for expert help identifying, treating, and preventing yeast infections in your bird anytime! 📱✨