Bartonellosis in Dogs: Vet-Approved Causes, Symptoms & Treatments (2025 Guide) 🐶💊

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

As a veterinarian, I occasionally encounter cases of bartonellosis in dogs, a rare but serious bacterial infection. Understanding this condition is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. This comprehensive guide aims to educate pet owners on the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for bartonellosis in dogs.

🧬 What Is Bartonellosis?

Bartonellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. In dogs, several species can be involved, including B. henselae, B. vinsonii, and B. clarridgeiae. These bacteria are transmitted primarily through vectors like fleas, ticks, lice, and sand flies. While cats are the primary reservoir, dogs can become infected, especially those with outdoor exposure or compromised immune systems.

🐞 Causes and Transmission of Bartonellosis

Dogs can contract Bartonella bacteria through:

• 🦟 Flea and tick bites: The most common transmission route.
• 🦟Lice and sand fly bites: Less common but possible vectors.
• 🐾 Contact with infected animals: Especially in environments with high flea infestations.

Once inside the body, Bartonella bacteria can infect red blood cells and endothelial cells, leading to various clinical signs.

⚠️ Symptoms of Bartonellosis

Symptoms can vary widely and may include:

• 🌡️ Fever
• 😴 Lethargy
• 🍽️ Loss of appetite
• 🦠 Swollen lymph nodes
• 🤢 Vomiting or diarrhea
• 🩸 Nosebleeds or nasal discharge
• 💓 Signs of heart inflammation (endocarditis): coughing, difficulty breathing, fainting

Some dogs may remain asymptomatic carriers, making diagnosis challenging.

🩺 Diagnosing Bartonellosis

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests:

• 🔬 Physical examination: Assessing clinical signs and history.
• 🧪 Laboratory tests: Blood tests to detect antibodies or bacterial DNA.
• 🧫 Culture tests: Growing the bacteria from samples.
• 🖼️ Imaging: Echocardiography if heart involvement is suspected.

Due to the bacteria's fastidious nature, multiple tests may be necessary for confirmation.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment strategies include:

• 💊 Antibiotics: Doxycycline or azithromycin are commonly used, often for extended periods.
• 🛌 Supportive care: Ensuring hydration, nutrition, and rest.
• 🏥 Hospitalization: In severe cases, for intravenous fluids and medications.

Early treatment improves the prognosis significantly. Delayed treatment can lead to complications, especially if the heart is affected.

🛡️ Preventing Bartonellosis

Preventive measures include:

• 🦟 Flea and tick control: Use year-round preventatives recommended by your veterinarian.
• 🏡 Environmental management: Regularly clean your dog's living area and bedding.
• 🐾 Limit exposure: Prevent your dog from interacting with stray animals or wildlife.

Implementing these measures can reduce the risk of infection for both dogs and humans.

📱 Support and Resources

If you suspect your dog has bartonellosis, consult your veterinarian promptly. For additional support:

• Ask A Vet: Access professional veterinary advice through the Ask A Vet platform.
• Download the Ask A Vet App: For quick access to veterinary support, download the Ask A Vet app.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve your dog's quality of life.

🐾 For more expert advice and pet care tips, visit AskAVet.com.