🩺 Bronchiectasis in Dogs – Vet‑Led Guide 2025 🐕🫁

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Hello, I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc, founder of Ask A Vet. Bronchiectasis in dogs is a chronic lung condition where the airways become permanently dilated and damaged, leading to recurring infections and breathing issues. In this comprehensive 2025 guide, I’ll walk you through signs, diagnostics, treatments (medical and surgical), home care, and long‑term strategies to help your pet breathe easier and live better. Let’s start the journey to healthier lungs. 💙

📘 What Is Bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis occurs when there is irreversible widening and destruction of the bronchial walls—those branches of the airway—in response to chronic inflammation or infection. Over time, the airways lose their ability to clear mucus, leading to mucus retention, persistent cough, and recurrent infections.

🚩 Causes & Risk Factors

• Chronic bronchitis/COPD: long-term inflammation narrows airway walls and damages them over time.
• Recurrent pneumonia: each infection damages the airway lining further.
• Inhaled irritants: smoke, allergens, pollutants that trigger inflammation.
• Anatomic issues: bronchomalacia or collapsed airways worsen mucus pooling.
• Breed predisposition: cocker spaniels, poodles, Westies, husky, springer spaniel—often middle-aged to older dogs.
• Weakened immunity: neutered males may be predisposed compared to adults, who resist infection better.

🧠 Who’s Affected?

Bronchiectasis is most common in dogs aged 7–12 years, especially those with chronic coughing. It often coexists with chronic bronchitis and airway collapse. Small and toy breeds are more frequently diagnosed, though any dog with chronic respiratory signs is at risk.

🚨 Clinical Signs & Complications

• Chronic, persistent cough—often productive, sometimes described as “hacking” or with mucus/phlegm.
• Frequent pneumonia or wheezing episodes.
• Exercise intolerance, fatigue, rapid breathing, and changes in gum color.
• Crackles heard on auscultation and radiographic “tram lines,” “doughnuts,” or honeycomb patterns.
• Sticky mucus clogs airway, which leads to further infection and inflammation.

🔬 Diagnostic Approach

1. History & exam: ongoing cough, recurrent pneumonia, physical exam findings.
2. Chest X-rays: initial screening; shows bronchial thickening, dilated airways (“tram‑tracks,” “ring shadows”).
3. CT scan: more sensitive; confirms bronchial dilation and airway collapse.
4. Bronchoscopy & lavage: allows visualization and collection of samples to identify bacteria, inflammation, or parasites.
5. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): sample analysis for cells, pathogens, cytology.

💊 Treatment Options

1. Medical Management

• Antibiotics: targeted based on culture; often prolonged or pulse therapy.
• Anti-inflammatories: corticosteroids, oral/inhaled to reduce airway swelling.
• Bronchodilators: theophylline or inhaled agents to ease breathing.
• Mucolytics & nebulization: help clear mucus and keep airways clean.
• Cough suppressants: cautious use to prevent airway damage—used only at night or during cough exacerbations.

2. Physical & Environmental Support

• Chest physiotherapy: gentle tapping to help mucus clearance.
• Use steam or humidifiers to maintain moist airways.
• Weight management: maintain ideal body condition to ease breathing.
• Remove irritants: avoid smoke, perfumes, and aerosol sprays.

3. Surgical Intervention

If bronchiectasis is limited to one lung lobe, surgical removal (lobectomy) may be considered. Success rates are excellent when performed before extensive damage.

📅 Long-Term Management & Prognosis

• Bronchiectasis is irreversible, but early, consistent management slows progression.
• Dogs often live normal life spans with proper therapy and monitoring.
• Relapses and flare-ups are common; treat promptly to avoid pneumonia.
• Post-surgery cases often have better outcomes with stopped flare-ups in the treated lobe.

🏡 Home Care & Daily Support

1. Maintain a humid environment and perform steam therapy.
2. Light, daily walks to support airway clearance—no extreme exertion.
3. Regular chest physiotherapy (tapping or massage guided by your vet).
   
4. Strict medication adherence: complete antibiotic and anti-inflammatory courses.
5. Track respiratory signs—cough frequency, breathing effort, and appetite.
6. Provide calm, low-stress home with clean air and comfortable bedding.
7. Plan regular vet check-ups with chest X-rays and BAL as needed.

🐾 Role of Ask A Vet,

Need advice on medication, respiratory monitoring, or airway tools? Connect 24/7 using Ask A Vet. Equip your pup with a pet-safe nebulizer or spacer from 

✨ Key Takeaways

• Bronchiectasis = permanent airway dilation due to chronic inflammation/infection.
• It is diagnosed via imaging (X-ray, CT) and confirmed with bronchoscopy/BAL.
• Treatment includes antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, bronchodilators, and mucolytics.
• Steam, chest physiotherapy, weight and environmental management are vital.
• Surgery offers great outcomes in localized disease.
• With dedicated care, dogs can lead comfortable, active lives despite this condition.

If your dog’s cough persists or returns—especially with mucus or frequent respiratory infections—don’t wait. Contact your veterinarian or visit Ask A Vet today for a thorough evaluation. Together, we can keep your dog breathing comfortably and happily. 🐾❤️