Capillariasis in Dogs: A 2025 Vet-Approved Guide to Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment🐶🧫

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Capillariasis is a parasitic infection in dogs caused by nematodes of the genus Capillaria, now often referred to as Pearsonema or Eucoleus. These parasites can inhabit various parts of a dog's body, including the urinary bladder and respiratory tract. While infections are often asymptomatic, heavy infestations can lead to significant health issues. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for dog owners to ensure their pets' well-being.

🧬 Understanding Capillariasis

Capillariasis in dogs is primarily caused by two species:

• Pearsonema plica (formerly Capillaria plica): Affects the urinary bladder and occasionally the kidneys.
• Eucoleus aerophilus (formerly Capillaria aerophila): Infects the respiratory tract, including the trachea and bronchi.

These parasites have distinct life cycles and modes of transmission, leading to different clinical presentations.

⚠️ Symptoms of Capillariasis

Urinary Capillariasis (Pearsonema plica):

• Frequent urination (pollakiuria)
• Painful urination (dysuria)
• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Straining to urinate
• Incontinence

Respiratory Capillariasis (Eucoleus aerophilus):

• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Nasal discharge
• Lethargy

It's important to note that many dogs may not exhibit any symptoms, especially in mild infections. However, heavy infestations can lead to significant discomfort and health issues.

🔬 Diagnosis

Diagnosing capillariasis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests:

• Urinalysis: Detects eggs of Pearsonema plica in the urine sediment.
• Fecal Examination: Identifies eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus in stool samples.
• Imaging: Radiographs or ultrasounds may be used to assess organ involvement.

The eggs of these parasites are characterized by their barrel shape with bipolar plugs, aiding in their identification under a microscope.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on eliminating the parasites and alleviating symptoms:

• Anthelmintic Medications: Drugs such as fenbendazole or ivermectin are commonly used to treat capillariasis. The specific dosage and duration depend on the severity of the infection and the dog's overall health.
• Supportive Care: In cases with significant symptoms, additional treatments may be necessary to manage inflammation or secondary infections.

It's crucial to follow your veterinarian's guidance and complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully resolved.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

Preventing capillariasis involves minimizing exposure to the parasites:

• Control Intermediate Hosts: Since earthworms can serve as intermediate hosts, preventing dogs from consuming them can reduce the risk of infection.
• Maintain Clean Living Environments: Regularly clean and disinfect areas where your dog spends time, especially if they have access to soil or outdoor spaces.
• Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Routine health screenings can help detect infections early, even before symptoms appear.

Implementing these preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of your dog contracting capillariasis.

📱 Support and Resources

For additional support and information:

• Ask A Vet: Access professional veterinary advice through the Ask A Vet platform.
• Download the Ask A Vet App: For quick access to veterinary support, download the Ask A Vet app.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve your dog's quality of life.

🐾 For more expert advice and pet care tips, visit AskAVet.com.