Cardiac Arrest in Dogs: A 2025 Vet-Approved Guide to Causes, Symptoms & Emergency Care🐶❤️

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Cardiac arrest in dogs, also known as cardiopulmonary arrest, is a critical condition where the heart and lungs suddenly stop functioning. This leads to the cessation of blood circulation and oxygen delivery to vital organs, resulting in rapid organ failure and death if not promptly addressed. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing the immediate steps to take can make the difference between life and death for your canine companion.

⚠️ What Causes Cardiac Arrest in Dogs?

Several factors can lead to cardiac arrest in dogs, including:

• Heart Disease: Conditions like arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or heartworm infections can compromise heart function.
• Trauma: Severe injuries from accidents or falls can disrupt cardiac activity.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium can affect heart rhythm.
• Respiratory Issues: Obstructions or diseases that impair breathing can lead to oxygen deprivation.
• Toxins: Ingestion of poisonous substances, including certain human medications or foods like chocolate, can be fatal.
• Anesthetic Complications: Reactions to anesthesia during surgical procedures.
• Severe Infections: Conditions like sepsis can overwhelm the body's systems.

It's important to note that cardiac arrest can occur in any dog, regardless of age, breed, or health status.

🩺 Recognizing the Symptoms

Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest symptoms is crucial:

• Collapse: Sudden loss of consciousness.
• Absence of Breathing: No chest movement or breath sounds.
• No Pulse: Inability to detect a heartbeat or pulse.
• Blue or Pale Gums indicate lack of oxygen.
• Dilated Pupils: Unresponsive to light.
• Cool Body Temperature: Especially in the extremities.

If your dog exhibits these signs, immediate action is necessary.

🚨 Emergency Response: What to Do

In the event of suspected cardiac arrest:

1. Check Responsiveness: Gently shake and call your dog's name.
2. Assess Breathing and Pulse: Look for chest movements and feel for a heartbeat.
3. Clear the Airway: Ensure there's no obstruction in the mouth or throat.
4. Begin CPR: If trained, start chest compressions and rescue breaths. Place your dog on their right side, compress the chest at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, and provide breaths every 30 compressions.
5. Seek Immediate Veterinary Care: Transport your dog to the nearest emergency veterinary clinic as quickly as possible.

Note: Performing CPR without proper training can be risky. It's advisable to take a pet CPR course to be prepared for such emergencies.

🛡️ Prevention and Preparedness

While not all cases of cardiac arrest are preventable, certain measures can reduce risk:

• Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Early detection of heart or respiratory issues.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Proper diet, exercise, and weight management.
• Avoid Exposure to Toxins: Keep harmful substances out of reach.
• Monitor During Anesthesia: Ensure proper monitoring during surgical procedures.
• Learn Pet CPR: Being trained can make a critical difference in emergencies.

📱 Support and Resources

For additional support and information:

• Ask A Vet: Access professional veterinary advice through the Ask A Vet platform.
• Download the Ask A Vet App: For quick access to veterinary support, download the Ask A Vet app.

Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve outcomes for dogs affected by cardiac conditions.

🐾 For more expert advice and pet care tips, visit AskAVet.com.