Cuterebriasis in Dogs: Vet-Approved Causes, Symptoms & Treatments (2025 Guide) 🩺🐶

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

As a veterinarian, I occasionally encounter cases of cuterebriasis in dogs, a parasitic condition that can significantly impact a dog's health. Understanding this disorder is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. This comprehensive guide aims to educate pet owners on the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cuterebriasis in dogs.

🧬 What Is Cuterebriasis?

Cuterebriasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Cuterebra species, commonly known as botflies. These larvae typically infest rodents and rabbits but can accidentally infect dogs. The larvae enter a dog's body through natural openings like the nose, mouth, or open wounds and migrate under the skin, developing into noticeable swellings called warbles.

🐾 Causes and Risk Factors

Dogs become infected when they come into contact with environments contaminated with botfly eggs, such as areas near rodent or rabbit burrows. The eggs hatch in response to the host's body heat, and the larvae enter the dog's body through:

• Nose
• Mouth
• Open wounds

Once inside, the larvae migrate to various tissues, most commonly settling under the skin. Dogs that spend time outdoors, especially in areas with high rodent populations, are at increased risk.

⚠️ Symptoms of Cuterebriasis

Symptoms vary depending on the larvae's location in the body:

Skin (Cutaneous Cuterebriasis)

• Swelling: A lump under the skin, often with a small central hole (breathing pore).
• Discomfort: The area may be tender, and the dog might lick or scratch it.
• Discharge: Possible oozing from the lesion.

Respiratory Tract

• Sneezing or coughing
• Labored breathing
• Nasal discharge

Central Nervous System (Rare but Serious)

• Circling behavior
• Seizures
• Disorientation or behavioral changes
• Blindness

Neurological symptoms indicate a serious condition requiring immediate veterinary attention.

🩺 Diagnosing Cuterebriasis

Diagnosis involves:

• 🔍 Physical Examination: Identifying characteristic skin lesions with breathing pores.
• 🖼️ Imaging: MRI or CT scans for larvae in the respiratory tract or nervous system.
• 🧪 Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to assess overall health and detect secondary infections.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the infestation's location:

Skin Lesions

• 🩺 Surgical Removal: Veterinarian carefully extracts the larva to avoid rupture.
• 🧼 Wound Care: Cleaning and monitoring for secondary infections.
• 💊 Medications: Antibiotics if infection is present.

Internal Infestations

• 💉 Antiparasitic Drugs: Ivermectin may be used to kill migrating larvae.
• 💊 Anti-inflammatory Medications: To reduce inflammation caused by dying larvae.
• 🧠 Supportive Care: Managing neurological symptoms if present.

Note: Never attempt to remove a larva at home, as improper removal can cause severe reactions.

🛡️ Preventing Cuterebriasis

Prevention strategies include:

• 🚫 Avoiding High-Risk Areas: Keep dogs away from rodent or rabbit burrows, especially during late summer and early fall.
• 🔍 Regular Inspections: Check your dog's skin for unusual lumps or swellings.
• 🧴 Use of Preventatives: Consult your veterinarian about appropriate parasite prevention products.

📱 Support and Resources

If you suspect your dog has cuterebriasis, consult your veterinarian promptly. For additional support:

• Ask A Vet: Access professional veterinary advice through the Ask A Vet platform.
• Download the Ask A Vet App: For quick access to veterinary support, download the Ask A Vet app.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve your dog's quality of life.

🐾 For more expert advice and pet care tips, visit AskAVet.com.