Nasal Tumors in Dogs – Vet‑Led Guide 2025 🐶👃🩺

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Hi, I’m Dr Duncan Houston, BVSc, founder of Ask A Vet. Nasal tumors—abnormal tissue growths in the nose or sinuses—are serious and often malignant. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment are essential. In this deep-dive 2025 article, we’ll explore types, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatment approaches like radiation and surgery, prognosis, and how to support your furry companion at home. Let’s breathe easy together. 💙

📘 What Are Nasal Tumors?

Nasal tumors are abnormal growths that arise in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. They account for ~1–2% of canine cancers, and around 80% are malignant. The most common types include:

• Adenocarcinoma: the most frequent nasal malignancy.
• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): affects mucosal lining, may involve nasal planum.
• Undifferentiated carcinoma: aggressive form with poor differentiation.
• Sarcomas: including chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, are slightly less common.

🚩 Risk Factors & Causes

• Long-nosed breeds in urban environments—chronic inhalation of pollutants/tobacco smoke.
• Male dogs affected more commonly; the average diagnosis age ~9–10 years.
• Potential environmental triggers include coal combustion, kerosene, and flea sprays.

🧠 Who Is Affected?

Typically affects older dogs (~9–10 years), any breed can be impacted, but long-nosed, urban dogs (e.g., Collies, Terriers, Retrievers) are at higher risk.

🚨 Clinical Signs to Watch For

• Chronic unilateral→bilateral nasal discharge (purulent or bloody).
• Sneezing, noisy (stertorous) breathing, and nasal congestion.
• Epistaxis (nosebleeds) especially in advanced cases.
• Facial swelling or deformity from tumor/bone invasion.
• Lethargy, decreased appetite, and weight loss from discomfort or impaired smell.
• Rare neurological signs (seizures, vision changes) if the tumor invades the skull.

🔍 How Is It Diagnosed?

1. History & exam: investigate chronic nasal signs unresponsive to antibiotics or antifungals.
2. Imaging: CT is gold standard to assess tumor extent and bone involvement. Skull X-rays useful if CT is unavailable.
3. Rhinoscopy & biopsy: direct visualization and tissue sampling for histology.
4. Staging: thoracic radiographs or CT, lymph node aspirates, abdominal ultrasound—check for metastasis.

💉 Treatment Options

1. Radiation Therapy (Primary Standard)

• Definitive (daily fractions over ~3–4 weeks) yields best outcomes—remission ~428 days, median survival 12–24 months.
• Stereotactic (high-dose, fewer sessions) is also effective (~8–18 months median survival).
• Palliative protocols offer symptom relief if cure isn’t feasible (~259 days median survival).

2. Surgery

Rarely possible due to invasive nature, but radical resection (rhinotomy) may be considered for small, front-of-nose tumors in referral centers.

3. Chemotherapy & Targeted Agents

• Alone: limited benefit (~30% response rate).
• Used alongside radiation may improve outcomes or for palliative care.
• Agents like Palladia may be considered experimentally.

4. Supportive/Palliative Care

• Pain management (NSAIDs, opioids).
• Antibiotics for secondary infections.
• Nasal saline rinses to help clear discharge.
• Nutrition support if anosmia/ram eating issues arise.

📅 Prognosis & Staging

Prognosis depends on stage and treatment:

• Supportive care only: ~2–3 months median survival.
• Definitive radiation: unilateral, no bone involvement → ~23 months; bone/orbit involvement → ~15 months; cribriform invasion → ~6–10 months.
• Metastasis at diagnosis: poorer prognosis (~3.5 months).
• Recurrence of epistaxis or incomplete remission = shorter survival (~4 months vs ~16 months).

🏡 Home Care & Owner Tips

1. Monitor breathing patterns and nasal discharge daily.
2. Use saline rinses to reduce crusting/discharge.
3. Ensure pain relief and follow-ups as instructed.
4. Maintain good nutrition and palatable foods if smell lost.
5. Keep the environment clean to reduce infection risks.
6. Support quality of life with gentle activities and affection.
7. Stay in contact with your vet/Ask A Vet for symptom changes.

🐾 Ask A Vet

Need advice on symptom control, nasal care, or breathing aids? Connect with Ask A Vet anytime. Find humidifiers,

✨ Key Takeaways

• Nasal tumors are serious, typically malignant and locally destructive.
• Signs include persistent discharge, sneezing, nosebleeds, and facial swelling.
• Accurate diagnosis requires CT, rhinoscopy, biopsy, and staging.
• Radiation therapy is gold-standard; combined approaches yield the best results.
• Life expectancy ranges from months (no treatment) to 1–2+ years (with therapy).
• Supportive home care is crucial to quality of life.
• Early detection, treatment, and daily care give your dog the best chance for comfort and longevity. 🐾❤️

If your dog has chronic or bloody nasal discharge, facial swelling, or noisy breathing, don’t wait. Contact your veterinarian or Ask A Vet. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment offer the best chance for ease and breathing well. 🩺