Top 5 Health Issues in Small Dog Breeds: A 2025 Veterinary Guide🐾

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

Small dog breeds are beloved for their compact size and big personalities. However, their petite stature often comes with specific health challenges. Understanding these common issues can help you provide the best care for your small canine companion. Here's a comprehensive guide to the top five health concerns in small dog breeds as of 2025.

1. 🦷 Dental Disease

Due to their small mouths and crowded teeth, small dogs are particularly prone to dental problems. Plaque buildup can lead to gingivitis, periodontal disease, and even tooth loss. Regular dental care is essential.

• Prevention: Brush your dog's teeth daily using canine-specific toothpaste.
• Professional Care: Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings with your veterinarian.
• Diet: Provide dental chews and consider a dental health diet to reduce plaque accumulation.

2. 🦴 Patellar Luxation

This condition occurs when the kneecap dislocates from its normal position, causing discomfort and mobility issues. It's common in breeds like Boston Terriers and Pomeranians.

• Symptoms: Intermittent limping, skipping gait, or sudden lameness.
• Treatment: Mild cases may require physical therapy; severe cases might need surgical intervention.
• Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint stress and provide joint supplements as recommended by your vet.

3. 🫁 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

Flat-faced breeds like Pugs and Shih Tzus often suffer from respiratory issues due to their shortened airways. This can lead to breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid conditions.

• Symptoms: Snoring, noisy breathing, exercise intolerance, and heat sensitivity.
• Care: Avoid strenuous exercise and high temperatures; use a harness instead of a collar to reduce airway pressure.
• Medical Intervention: In severe cases, surgical correction may be necessary to improve airflow.

4. 🩺 Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe abdominal pain and digestive issues. Small breeds like Miniature Poodles are more susceptible.

• Causes: High-fat diets, obesity, or certain medications.
• Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
• Prevention: Feed a balanced, low-fat diet and avoid giving table scraps or fatty treats.

5. 🫀 Mitral Valve Disease

This heart condition involves the deterioration of the mitral valve, leading to heart murmurs and potential heart failure. It's prevalent in breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

• Symptoms: Coughing, reduced exercise tolerance, and breathing difficulties.
• Diagnosis: Regular veterinary check-ups with heart auscultation and possibly echocardiograms.
• Management: Medications can manage symptoms and slow progression; early detection is key.

🩺 Supporting Your Small Dog's Health

Proactive care is essential to keep your small dog healthy:

• Regular Vet Visits: Schedule annual or bi-annual check-ups to monitor health and catch issues early.
• Balanced Diet: Feed high-quality, breed-appropriate food to meet nutritional needs.
• Exercise: Provide regular, moderate exercise to maintain a healthy weight and mental stimulation.
• Preventive Care: Stay up-to-date with vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care.

📱 Enhance Your Dog's Care with Technology

Modern tools can assist in managing your dog's health effectively:

• Ask A Vet App: Access expert veterinary advice and schedule consultations conveniently.

🎯 Conclusion

Understanding the common health issues in small dog breeds empowers you to take proactive steps in ensuring your pet's well-being. With regular veterinary care, a balanced lifestyle, and the aid of modern technology, your small dog can lead a healthy and happy life.

For personalized guidance and support, visit AskAVet.com and download the Ask A Vet app today! 🐾📲