Vet’s 2025 Guide to Canine Cutaneous Hemangiosarcoma 🩺 Red/Purple Skin Tumors, Diagnosis & Care

By Dr. Duncan Houston BVSc

💡 What Is Cutaneous Hemangiosarcoma?

Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma is a malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells that line blood vessels in the skin or just beneath (subcutaneous tissue). It appears as red, purple, or black bumps or nodules that may ulcerate or bleed.

🚩 Who’s at Risk & Why?

• 🎂 Usually middle-aged to older dogs (8–15 years), though it can occur in younger pups.
• 🐾 Increased risk in light-colored, thin-haired breeds—UV‑exposed dogs (e.g., Pitbulls, Greyhounds, Boxers).
• 👨🦱 Genetic predisposition is likely: Golden Retrievers, Labs, German Shepherds, and Dobermans frequently affected.
• ☀️ UV radiation is a known trigger for actinic (sun-induced) forms.

👀 Clinical Signs to Watch For

• 🔴 Raised red/purple lumps or nodules on less-furred areas like the belly, groin, legs.
• 🌡 Surrounding bruising or bleeding if a lesion is ulcerated.
• 🐕 Dogs may remain healthy initially, but advanced or deep tumors may cause lethargy, lameness, appetite loss.

🧪 How Vets Diagnose

• Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): a quick sample of cells to screen for vascular origin.
• Biopsy + histopathology: gold standard to confirm malignancy, assess depth and margin status.
• Imaging: chest x-rays and/or abdominal ultrasound to rule out internal spread.
• Staging exams: check lymph nodes, liver, spleen—especially in subcutaneous or multiple lesions.

🛠 Treatment Strategies

1. Surgical Removal ✂️

• ✅ Wide surgical excision with 1–2 cm lateral margins and deep fascial margins for dermal tumors (stage I).
• 🩹 Subcutaneous/muscle-involving tumors need wider excision, may leave crater-like wound.

2. Adjunct Therapies 📡💉

• 🧪 Chemotherapy (often doxorubicin) to delay metastasis—improves median survival from months to 10–12 months when paired with surgery.
• 🚨 Radiation therapy may help for incompletely excised or inoperable tumors.
• 💊 Consider clinical trials or immunotherapy—still experimental in dogs.

3. Staging & Ongoing Monitoring 🩺

• 📅 Imaging every 3–6 months for 1–2 years post-op to detect recurrences or spread.
• 🔍 Regular exams for new lesions, especially in UV‑exposed skin.

📈 Prognosis Expectations

• 🌟 Dermal tumors confined to skin—excellent prognosis; MST often 2–3 years with clean surgery.
• 🔥 Subcutaneous lesions—guarded prognosis; MST ~8–12 months with surgery + chemo.
• ⚠️ Non‑UV subcutaneous forms prone to metastasis—poorer outlook.
• 💔 Visceral hemangiosarcoma (heart, spleen)—median survival 5–7 months with treatment.

🏡 Ask A Vet App Home‑Support Tools 📲🐾

• 📆 Track surgery dates, chemo appointments, and radiation sessions.
• 📊 Log wound healing, swelling, appetite, energy.
• 📸 Upload pictures of surgical sites or new bumps for vet review.
• 🔔 Get alerts for post-op care tasks, follow-up imaging, or rising complications.
• 📚 Access care guides: incision care, side‑effect management, sun safety tips.

🔑 Key Takeaways 🧠✅

• 💉 Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma is a blood-vessel cancer presenting as red/purple skin tumors.
• 🩺 Early diagnosis with FNA + biopsy is crucial.
• ✂️ Surgery with wide excision offers best chance; adjunct therapy improves outcomes.
• 📆 Regular monitoring prevents recurrence and supports quality of life.
• 📲 Ask A Vet app supports home care, vet communication, and early detection beyond clinic visits.

🩺 Final Thoughts ❤️🐶

In 2025, cutaneous hemangiosarcoma remains aggressive but manageable when caught early. Wide surgical excision, supported by chemotherapy or radiation if needed, can extend life significantly, especially in UV-induced dermal forms. Ongoing monitoring and owner vigilance are key. Empowering tools like the Ask A Vet app help you stay on top of treatment milestones, photo monitoring, and alerts—keeping your pup supported, comfortable, and thriving. 🐾✨

Visit AskAVet.com and download the Ask A Vet app to track treatments, record symptom changes, upload lesion photos, set reminders, and access expert veterinary support anytime. 📲🐾