Cutaneous Lymphoma in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment & Prognosis in 2025 🐾🧬

By Dr. Duncan Houston, BVSc

Cutaneous lymphoma, also known as cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) or mycosis fungoides, is a rare form of skin cancer in dogs. This condition involves malignant T-cells infiltrating the skin, leading to various dermatological symptoms. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for effective management.

Understanding Cutaneous Lymphoma 🧬

Cutaneous lymphoma arises from T-lymphocytes that target the skin's epidermis and associated structures. The disease is classified into three main types:

• Mycosis Fungoides: The most common form, presenting as patches, plaques, or tumors on the skin.
• Sézary Syndrome: A rare, aggressive variant characterized by malignant T-cells in the bloodstream.
• Pagetoid Reticulosis: A localized, indolent form with lesions confined to specific skin areas.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms 🐕

Dogs with cutaneous lymphoma may exhibit:

• Redness, scaling, or ulceration of the skin
• Itching or discomfort
• Hair loss in affected areas
• Lesions on mucocutaneous junctions (e.g., lips, anus)
• Oral involvement, including inflamed or ulcerated gums

These symptoms can mimic other dermatological conditions, making accurate diagnosis essential.

Diagnostic Approach 🔬

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

• Clinical Examination: Assessing skin lesions and overall health.
• Skin Biopsy: Histopathological analysis to identify malignant T-cells.
• Immunohistochemistry: Confirming T-cell origin of the lymphoma.
• Staging Tests: Including blood work, lymph node evaluation, and imaging to determine disease extent.

Treatment Options 💊

Management strategies depend on disease severity and may include:

• Systemic Chemotherapy: Utilizing agents like lomustine (CCNU) and prednisolone to target widespread disease.
• Retinoids: Synthetic vitamin A derivatives that may induce remission in some cases.
• Topical Therapies: For localized lesions, treatments like mechlorethamine ointment can be effective.
• Supportive Care: Addressing secondary infections, maintaining skin integrity, and ensuring comfort.

Prognosis 📈

The prognosis for cutaneous lymphoma varies:

• Localized Disease: May respond well to treatment, with extended survival times.
• Generalized Disease: Often has a poorer prognosis, with median survival times ranging from 6 to 12 months.

Early detection and intervention are key to improving outcomes.

Breed Predispositions 🐾

While cutaneous lymphoma can affect any breed, certain breeds may be more susceptible, including:

• Boxers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Poodles
• Golden Retrievers

Conclusion 🐶

Cutaneous lymphoma in dogs is a challenging condition requiring prompt diagnosis and a tailored treatment approach. Regular veterinary check-ups and attention to skin changes can aid in early detection. For personalized advice and support, consider consulting with a veterinary oncologist.

For further guidance on managing your dog's health, visit Ask A Vet or download the Ask A Vet app for expert advice and resources.