Lomustine (CCNU) for Cancer Treatment in Pets | 2025 Guide 🐾💊

Introduction to Lomustine in Veterinary Oncology 🐾

Lomustine (also known as CCNU) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various cancers in pets, including lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and brain tumors. As a member of the nitrosurea class, lomustine works by interfering with cancer cell DNA, preventing them from replicating. It is commonly used in veterinary oncology, especially when tumors are located in areas that are hard to treat with surgery. 🧬💊

How Lomustine Works ⚙️

Lomustine binds DNA strands, preventing replication and causing cancer cells to die, particularly those that divide rapidly. This mechanism makes lomustine effective against tumors like lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and others, especially those involving the nervous system, as it can cross the blood-brain barrier. It's typically administered once a month but can also be given in more frequent, smaller doses for some cancer protocols. 💡🧪

How Lomustine is Administered 💉

• Oral or Injectable 💊💉: Lomustine can be given orally in capsule form or via an injectable form depending on the treatment plan.
• With Food 🍽️: Lomustine should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset.
• Strict Schedule ⏰: Lomustine is often administered monthly, but strict adherence to the treatment schedule is important for effective cancer control.

Side Effects of Lomustine ⚠️

• Bone Marrow Suppression 🩸: One of the most common side effects is suppression of bone marrow, which can lead to a decrease in white blood cells, platelets, and other blood components. This typically occurs 1-3 weeks after administration.
• Liver Toxicity 🏥: Lomustine can cause liver damage, which is monitored through enzyme tests like ALT before each dose. Liver failure occurs in less than 2% of patients but requires close attention.
• Gastrointestinal Issues 🤢: Approximately 38% of canine patients report nausea, vomiting, or upset stomach after taking lomustine.
• Other Effects 🦷: Less common side effects include oral inflammation, lung scarring, and thinning of the cornea. These are generally rare but require monitoring.

Drug Interactions ⚡

• Bone Marrow Suppression 🩸: Lomustine should not be combined with other drugs that suppress bone marrow function, such as other chemotherapy agents, as this increases the risk of severe marrow suppression.
• Increased Infection Risk 🦠: Using lomustine with immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids, can increase the risk of infections.
• Caution with Vaccines 💉: Live vaccinations should not be administered while on lomustine treatment due to compromised immune function.

Concerns and Cautions ⚠️

• Pregnancy and Lactation 🤰: Lomustine should not be used in pregnant or lactating animals, or those intended for breeding.
• Glove Usage 🧤: Gloves should be worn when administering lomustine and cleaning up pet waste during the treatment period, as the drug can remain in the body waste for days.

Conclusion: Effective Cancer Treatment with Lomustine 🐕🐱💊

Lomustine is an effective treatment option for various types of cancer in pets, particularly when the tumors are difficult to access by surgery. While it has potential side effects such as bone marrow suppression and liver toxicity, these can be managed with proper monitoring. Always follow your veterinarian's guidance and keep regular check-ups to ensure the treatment is both safe and effective. For more advice and support, visit AskAVet.com for expert assistance. 📱💬