Vet Tips 2025: Understanding Chronic Progressive Lymphedema in Draft Horses 🐎🦵

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL) is a life-altering disease affecting draft horse breeds. It causes severe leg swelling, skin thickening, and recurring infections that worsen over time. If you own or care for a draft horse, understanding CPL is essential for early detection and long-term care. 🧠🐴

What Is Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL)? 🧬🦵

CPL is a progressive condition caused by poor lymphatic drainage in the lower limbs. Over time, this leads to:

• 🔄 Chronic leg swelling (lymphedema)
• 🧱 Skin thickening (hyperkeratosis)
• 🧪 Fibrosis and scarring of soft tissues
• ⚠️ Recurrent infections and immune dysfunction

The disease shares similarities with human elephantiasis and can significantly reduce quality of life, eventually leading to premature death. 😔

Which Horses Are Affected? 🐴🔍

Draft breeds are most at risk, especially:

• 🐎 Clydesdales
• 🦓 Shires
• 🛡️ Belgian horses
• ⚔️ Percherons

Symptoms typically begin early in life and slowly worsen over years, making early monitoring critical. 👁️

What Are the Signs of CPL? 🔍📉

• 🦵 Thickening and swelling in lower legs (especially distal limbs)
• 🧼 Crusting or oozing wounds near the skin folds
• 🐛 Frequent infestations with mites (Chorioptes)
• 🔥 Inflammation and chronic skin irritation (“scratches” or pastern dermatitis)
• 🦠 Poor healing and antibiotic-resistant infections
• 🚶 Difficulty walking due to hardened nodules and discomfort

What Causes CPL? 🔄💡

Though the exact cause remains unclear, CPL is believed to be linked to:

• 🧬 Genetic predisposition (lymphatic system dysfunction)
• 🦠 Chronic inflammation and infections
• 🕷️ Parasitic infestations (especially mites)
• 🧫 Repeated trauma or poor circulation in the legs

The long feathering (hair) typical in draft breeds may also trap moisture and debris, exacerbating infections. 🧺

Diagnosis of CPL 🧪🩺

There is no specific test for CPL. Diagnosis is made based on:

• 🔬 Physical exam findings
• 📈 Progression of swelling and fibrosis
• 🔁 Poor response to treatment of chronic skin infections

In many cases, CPL is mistaken for untreated “scratches” until the condition advances. Early diagnosis allows for earlier management. 🕐

Is There a Cure? ❌💊

Sadly, there is currently no cure for Chronic Progressive Lymphedema. Management is the focus—to slow progression, relieve symptoms, and preserve comfort. 💙

Management Strategies for CPL 🛠️🐴

1. Hair Clipping ✂️

Remove long feathers regularly to prevent moisture buildup and allow for easier topical care. 🔍

2. Topical Medications 💉

Apply antiseptic creams and barrier ointments to manage infections and prevent bacterial growth. Choose products based on veterinary advice. 🧼

3. Mite Control 🐜

Test and treat for Chorioptes mites frequently. Infections often worsen CPL progression. 🧬

4. Bandaging and Compression ⚕️

Veterinary-guided use of compression wraps may help manage swelling but should be monitored closely to avoid further damage. 🩹

5. Exercise 🏇

Regular movement helps encourage circulation. Avoid prolonged stall rest where possible. 🧘‍♂️

6. Pain Management 🧪

Discuss anti-inflammatories and other comfort-enhancing medications with your vet. This can help improve mobility and quality of life. ❤️

7. Hoof and Skin Care 🐾

Routine farrier visits and foot hygiene are essential to avoid secondary issues. Monitor closely for signs of lameness. 🔍

Is CPL Preventable? 🚫🧬

There is currently no known way to prevent CPL entirely, though responsible breeding practices and early monitoring may help reduce risk. Owners of draft horses should be especially vigilant in recognizing early symptoms. 👁️

Need Help Managing CPL in Your Horse? Ask A Vet 🐎📱

If you suspect your draft horse may be showing early signs of CPL, or if you need help managing chronic infections or swelling, connect with a veterinary professional via Ask A Vet.

Download the Ask A Vet app for 24/7 access to certified equine experts. We’re here to help your horse stay as comfortable and active as possible. 🐴💙

Final Thoughts: Quality of Life Comes First 💛🐎

Chronic Progressive Lymphedema is a heartbreaking condition for draft horse owners. While there’s no cure, compassionate care can go a long way toward preserving dignity, mobility, and comfort. Don’t wait—early intervention makes a difference. 🐾

Need advice? Visit Ask A Vet for trusted guidance tailored to your horse’s needs. 🐎❤️