🐾 Vet’s Guide to Polycythemia Vera in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment in 2025 🐾

By Dr Duncan Houston BVSc

Polycythemia vera is a rare but serious blood disorder in cats characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cell production. This comprehensive guide aims to provide Australian cat owners with up-to-date information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of polycythemia vera in 2025.

🔬 Understanding Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia vera is a type of absolute polycythemia where the bone marrow produces excessive red blood cells without an identifiable external stimulus. This overproduction leads to increased blood viscosity, which can impair circulation and oxygen delivery to tissues.

🦠 Causes of Polycythemia Vera

The exact cause of polycythemia vera in cats remains unknown. Unlike secondary polycythemia, which results from increased erythropoietin production due to hypoxia or tumors, polycythemia vera is considered a primary bone marrow disorder. It is not associated with elevated erythropoietin levels.

🐱 Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of polycythemia vera can be subtle initially but may progress over time:

• 🐾 Lethargy and weakness
• 🐾 Red or dark mucous membranes
• 🐾 Increased thirst and urination
• 🐾 Neurological signs such as seizures or behavioral changes
• 🐾 Vision problems or blindness
• 🐾 Nosebleeds or other bleeding tendencies
• 🐾 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)

🧪 Diagnosis

Diagnosing polycythemia vera involves several steps:

• 🐾 Complete Blood Count (CBC): Elevated red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels.
• 🐾 Serum Erythropoietin Levels: Typically low or normal in polycythemia vera.
• 🐾 Bone Marrow Biopsy: To assess bone marrow activity and rule out other disorders.
• 🐾 Imaging: X-rays or ultrasounds to evaluate organ size and detect any underlying conditions.

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on reducing red blood cell mass and managing symptoms:

• 🐾 Phlebotomy: Periodic removal of blood to decrease red blood cell concentration.
• 🐾 Hydroxyurea: A chemotherapeutic agent that suppresses bone marrow activity to reduce red blood cell production.
• 🐾 Supportive Care: Managing symptoms such as seizures or bleeding with appropriate medications.

Regular monitoring of blood parameters is essential to adjust treatment plans and ensure effective management.

🛡️ Prevention Strategies

As the exact cause of polycythemia vera is unknown, specific prevention strategies are limited. However, general health maintenance can aid in early detection and management:

• 🐾 Regular veterinary check-ups and blood tests.
• 🐾 Monitoring for early signs of illness or behavioral changes.
• 🐾 Maintaining a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle for your cat.

📍 Considerations for Australian Cat Owners

In Australia, environmental factors such as high altitudes are less common, but it's still important to be aware of regional health risks. Consult with your local veterinarian to understand any area-specific concerns and ensure your cat's health is closely monitored.

📱 Stay Informed with Ask A Vet

For personalized advice and support, consider downloading the Ask A Vet app. Our platform connects you with licensed veterinarians for real-time consultations, helping you keep your feline friend healthy and happy.

🐾 Download the Ask A Vet app today and ensure your cat's well-being is always a tap away! 📲