📚 What Are Rhinitis & Sinusitis?

Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa; sinusitis affects the air-filled cavities around the nose. Both can lead to nasal discharge, sneezing, and breathing issues in rabbits :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

⚠️ Why It’s Important

• Rabbits are obligate nose-breathers—any blockage can cause distress :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
• Can progress to otitis, pneumonia, or even systemic infection :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
• Chronic cases cause poor quality of life and may reflect deeper issues.

🧠 Common Causes

• Snuffles (Pasteurella multocida): most common bacterial cause :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
• Other bacteria: Bordetella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
• Dental disease: overgrown roots can deform nasal passages or block tear ducts :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
• Foreign objects, trauma, allergies (rare), fungal infections, or neoplasia :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.

👀 Signs to Watch For

• Sneezing, nasal discharge (clear to purulent), crusting at nares or forepaws :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
• Loud breathing, wheezing or open-mouth breathing—signs of severe distress :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
• Conjunctivitis, tearing, runny eyes :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
• Poor appetite, weight loss, lethargy—due to nasal discomfort or associated dental issues :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
• Head tilt or ear signs may indicate middle ear spread :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.
• Nosebleeds can indicate deeper bacterial infection or dental involvement :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.

🔍 Diagnostic Workflow

• Complete history—onset, duration, home conditions, dental signs.
• Physical exam—assess nasal airflow, discharge, eye involvement.
• Dental exam to identify root overgrowth or abscess :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.
• Swabs for bacterial culture & sensitivity; cytology to determine inflammation :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.
• Radiographs initially, then CT or endoscopy to visualize sinuses and nasal passages :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.
• Blood tests may help rule out systemic infection.

💊 Treatment & Management

1. Medical Therapy

• Long-course, culture-driven antibiotics: enrofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfa, penicillin used :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.
• Anti-inflammatories: NSAIDs, judicious use of steroids if inflammation is severe.
• Topical treatments: nasal saline flush, nebulization with gentamicin or saline :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.

2. Dental Management

• Correct molar or incisor malocclusion under anesthesia :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.
• Tear duct flush if tear flow is blocked due to dental root compression :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.

3. Surgical Options

• Sinus trephination to drain abscesses or pus collections :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.
• Endoscopic debridement in specialty settings :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.

4. Supportive Care

• Steam or pediatric nebulizer sessions can soothe nasal passages :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.
• Humidified air, clean environment, quality hay, and balanced diet.
• Eye and nasal hygiene carried out daily by owner :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.

📊 Prognosis & Follow‑Up

• Acute cases often respond well with appropriate therapy.
• Chronic or recurrent “snuffles” require aggressive treatment and long-term follow-up.
• Dental causes should always be addressed to prevent relapse.
• Regular monitoring—recheck imaging, cultures, and dental exams—reduces recurrence.

🏠 Home Care & Owner Support

• Daily cleaning of nasal crusts and eyes using warm saline wipes :contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.
• Maintain clean, low-dust environment and ventilated enclosure.
• Encourage hydration and easy feeding—include hay, fresh greens.
• Owner-led nebulization if prescribed; ensure compliance.
• Weight, breathing, and nasal discharge logs help monitor recovery.

🧠 Vet Tips for 2025

• Think CT early—detect root causes hidden on plain x-rays :contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.
• Culture before antibiotics—target therapy for best outcomes :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.
• Work as a team: integrate medicine, dental care, environment, and owner education.
• Train owners on inhalation and hygiene protocols to reduce stress and improve compliance.

🔚 Final Takeaway

Rhinitis and sinusitis (“snuffles”) are common and potentially serious in rabbits. In 2025, advanced diagnostics like CT and endoscopy, combined with targeted antibiotics, dental corrections, and owner-delivered care (e.g. nebulization and cleaning), offer the best path to resolution. Long-term management and prevention ensure healthy breathing and quality of life for your bunny. 🐇❤️

🌟 Partner Services

• Ask A Vet: Live vet support for nasal flushes, antibiotic guidance, inhalation protocols & behavioral monitoring.
• Woopf: Nebulizer kits, humidifiers, low-dust bedding & nasal hygiene supplies.
• Purrz: Saline sprays, gentle nasal-wipe solutions, and respiratory support supplements.